The medieval settlement structure of the Upper Town has largely been preserved. Founded around 1200, the castle settlement is a planned town, as evidenced by its clear, orthogonal layout. The settlement is bisected by Eponastraße, the central axis. The two parallel side streets lead into transverse rectangular squares: Amtsplatz and Ehregutaplatz, which lead to the city gates. The defensive and residential buildings are located on the northern terrace projection and on the southeastern narrow side, where the Fronfeste (fortress) was later built. Commercial buildings with economic and lordly functions were built along the city wall. There are various reasons for maintaining the original building structures. For example, the city wall prevented settlement development, while on the other hand, urban life increasingly shifted northward, leading to economic stagnation in the Upper Town.
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