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An enchanting valley crossed by a stream that for centuries powered dozens of watermills. Today, it remains a bucolic landscape, with paths leading between ancient rural buildings and natural caves. A place that tells the story of rural life in the Berici Hills.

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BEAUTIFUL PLACES THE BERICI HILLS ARE REALLY WORTH VISITING, FABULOUS AND VERY PEACEFUL LANDSCAPES

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The Covolo della Catibalda is a natural cavity at the base of a suggestive rock face. In the area, as in all the Berici Hills, there are numerous and particular similar karst phenomena (ledges, cliffs, roofs and caves), the result of differentiated erosion between rocks of different compactness because they were formed in different geological eras; they were used as a shelter and home since prehistoric times. The covolo is slightly hidden and raised compared to Via Colombara: the street takes its name from the well-preserved dovecote tower of the ancient rural farm that is located at the top of the dead-end road. P.S.: the 'cèngia' is a horizontal passage that 'cuts' a vertical wall; the 'còvolo' (Venetian dialect) is a ravine in the rock.

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The Valley of the Mills of Mossano, which crosses Contrà dei Munari, is an enchanting corner of the Berici Hills: the stream, the ancient rustic buildings beautifully restored and three imposing wooden wheels still in operation make up a suggestive and picturesque environment, where time seems suspended. Beautiful in spring, when flowers and greenery frame the fascinating bucolic picture. Along this short valley, until the Second World War, twelve mills of medieval origin were active, which incessantly ground flour for the inhabitants of Mossano and the nearby villages. At the head of the valley, a permanent spring feeds the stream which in turn turns the wheels. Fun fact: the Contrà dei Munari (a Venetian surname that derives from millers) is also known as Via Calbin, because it is said that in the Middle Ages a certain Calbino collected a tax in exchange for the use of the stream; in case of non-payment, he activated a lock, interrupting the flow of water and therefore the work of the grinders!

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The Grotta di San Bernardino is a small and fascinating medieval hermitage, nestled at the base of a ten-meter-high limestone pinnacle (the only rock tower in the entire Berici Hills). The building's façade encloses a karst cavity about thirty meters long and ten meters wide. An evocative and mysterious setting. According to tradition, the name derives from the shelter it provided to Saint Bernardino of Siena, who preached in these areas in the 15th century. In the early 16th century, this cave, like others in the Berici Hills, was adapted as a temporary refuge for the local populations, while the Venetian plain was subjected to enemy raids. The oldest prehistoric remains in the Vicenza area (tools and animal bones dating back 200,000 years) were found inside the cave: it was likely used by Neanderthals as a hunting base. Interesting fact: the abundance of animal bones was the main cause of soil removal and the resulting significant impoverishment of San Bernardino's paleontological heritage. In fact, in 1890, the Camerini family, owners of the site, had the rich phosphate material excavated from the cave. It was transported downstream by cableway and used as fertilizer for the fields! The cave is occasionally open to the public, with guided tours organized by the Mossano Tourist Board (Pro Loco), which you can contact for details. http://www.tuttoberici.it/arte/S-Bernardino-Grotta-Mossano.htm https://www.archeoveneto.it/portale/wp-content/filemaker/stampa_scheda_estesa.php?recid=189

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The ancient fountain was built by the locals at a perennial spring that flows inside a cave. The spring feeds the stream of the suggestive Valle dei Mulini below, which once turned a dozen wheels. The basin was later adapted to a wash house and in more recent times much of the water has been captured for the local aqueduct.

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Going to the Grotta di San Bernardino is like taking a step back in time, an experience that touches the heart and mind. Imagine finding yourself in the same place where, thousands of years ago, prehistoric men lit fires and hunted, and where, in the Middle Ages, hermits sought refuge. This cave has seen a succession of stories of hunting, prayer and refuge. Visiting the cave is a way to connect with the history of the area and to live an experience full of emotions.

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You can see tombs from the early medieval period dug into the rock and nearby the remains of a cave house. Trail 75 starts from via Cognola di Barbarano and is well signposted. Starting from piazza Roma di Barbarano vicentino you can do a circular tour.

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