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The "Fat William" has only been called that since the 20th century. The only surviving of the original three keep towers was probably built starting in 1150. Its diameter is 14 meters; in the Romanesque period, it was at least 23 meters high. Due to its interior, it is more likely to be considered a residential tower than a pure keep. It is highly likely that the tower served as the seat of the Burgraves of Neuenburg from the House of Meinheringen in the 13th century, who are documented as "Praefectus de Nuenburg, Burggravius de novo castro" from 1215 to 1297.

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The hilltop castle complex of Neuenburg Castle, located on the Romanesque Road, was once the largest castle of the Landgraves of Thuringia. Its construction, under the direction of Count Ludwig von Schauenburg of Ludowingen, known as Ludwig the Springer (1042 to 1123), began around 1090 with the first circular walls, which still stand today up to a height of eight meters in the inner castle. Over the next hundred years, the castle was reinforced and expanded in several stages. From around 1400, the castle underwent extensive rebuilding in the Gothic style, and large parts of the Romanesque structure were lost. After losing its military importance, the castle was converted into a hunting lodge for the Dukes of Saxe-Weissenfels, for which purpose a zoo and pleasure garden were created in the forest to the east. Today, Neuenburg Castle is managed by the Saxony-Anhalt Cultural Foundation.

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In 979, a document first mentions a "Castellum." Querfurt has had a castle since then at the latest. The town itself was first mentioned in documents about a hundred years earlier. The castle was the ancestral seat of the noble lords of Querfurt, who for centuries were also burgraves of Magdeburg. With the death of Bruno XI of Querfurt in 1496, the noble family died out. The castle proved impregnable until 1640, but changed hands several times during the Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648). The Swedish occupation lasted from 1642 to 1650. In 1663, the princes of Saxe-Querfurt made the castle their residence and Querfurt the capital of their domain.

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The 57-meter-high Paris Tower at Querfurt Castle was originally called the Hausmannsturm (Houseman's Tower). It dates back to the late 14th century. Its baroque dome was added in 1659. It served as a fire watchtower until 1969; today, it can be climbed as an observation tower. There is also a tower dungeon.

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Museum & Exhibitions High above the wine-growing town of Freyburg lies Neuenburg, the sister castle of Wartburg, founded around 1090 by the Thuringian Count Ludwig the Springer. The first mighty complex was built by 1150. The rise of the Landgraves of Thuringia was accompanied by further magnificent expansion. By 1230, Neuenburg was already around three times as large as Wartburg! The Romanesque double chapel built around 1170/75 is still an architectural gem today. On behalf of Hermann I, Heinrich von Veldeke completed the Eneasroman around 1185, the first Middle High German knightly-courtly verse epic ever. Neuenburg experienced the end of its high medieval heyday under Landgrave Ludwig IV and his wife, Saint Elisabeth.

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The origin of Neuenburg is linked to Count Ludwig the Springer of Schauenburg, who was also responsible for the founding of Wartburg. One theory is that the name Neuenburg was chosen to distinguish it from the somewhat older Wartburg. The son of Ludwig the Springer was Ludwig I, the first Landgrave of Thuringia, from 1131 onwards, and during the 116 years of the Ludowinger Langraves, the castle was an important part of the court and some of the building structure dates from that time. With the extinction of the Ludowingers in 1247 and after the subsequent War of Succession, the Landgraviate passed to the Wettins, who were already Margraves of Meissen and later Dukes and Electors of Saxony at that time. Neuenburg was therefore no longer an outstanding place of residence within the Saxon state territory. Nevertheless, there was a lot of building activity and use as a hunting lodge in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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In a tithe register of the Hersfeld monastery created between 881 and 899, Querfurt is mentioned for the first time as a place where Curnfurt im Friesenfeld is subject to tithing and was first titled castellum in a document from Emperor Otto II from 979. The castle there has been the ancestral home of the noble lords of Querfurt since the 10th century. Traces of the oldest surviving building structure also date from the 10th century, which are parts of the inner curtain wall and the granary and armory. The stone buildings were limited to the area between today's granary, the Dicker Heinrich keep and the castle church. These period solid buildings also underline the importance of the Querfurt noblemen. In 1004, at the same time as the foundation of a castle chapel, a canons' monastery was founded, which was followed from 1162 by the construction of a Romanesque church in the middle of the castle courtyard. In the 14th century, a burial chapel with the tumba of Gebhard XIV of Querfurt was added. The Fat Henry was built at the beginning of the 12th century, followed by the construction of the Martial Tower at the beginning of the 13th century and the construction of the Paris Tower at the beginning of the 14th century. The outer curtain wall was added around 1350. During the 15th century, mainly fortificational changes were made. The bastions and the west gate date from the period between 1460 and 1490. After the death of the last lord of the castle, Bruno IX. von Querfurt In 1496, Querfurt and its castle were confiscated as a fief of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg. Albrecht of Brandenburg then had structural changes made to the complex in 1528 and 1535. Towards the end of the Thirty Years' War, from 1640 to 1642, the fortress, which was considered impregnable, changed hands several times after heavy sieges and shelling. The subsequent period of occupation by the Swedes lasted from 1642 to 1650. In 1663, the imperial princes of Saxony-Querfurt made the complex their residence and thus Querfurt the capital of their territory. The so-called Princely House was therefore built between 1660 and 1668. Around 1700, new gun emplacements were built on the widened berm above the Zwinger, before Querfurt was built after the death of Adolph III. of Saxony-Weißenfels fell back to the Electorate of Saxony. Source: Wikipedia

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The absolute highlight in Freyburg and one of the most beautiful castles in Central Germany, comparable to the Wartburg Neuenburg Castle is once the largest castle and one of the oldest and most important castles of the Landgraves of Thuringia. For Saxony-Anhalt, these are so far the only reliably verifiable above-ground stone buildings from the first half of the 12th century in castles. But the large stock of preserved masonry from the end of the 11th to the beginning of the 13th century is also of great importance beyond the Central German region. A special architectural gem is the double chapel built around 1180 with its extraordinary architectural decoration. The castle is clearly divided into two parts: on the one hand the inner castle with the so-called castle building and the kitchen master's office and on the other hand the older outer castle, which is framed by gallery wings. Source: Wikipedia

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