The Caelian Hill (Celio, 46 mt) is one of the famous Seven Hills of Rome. Under reign of Tullus Hostilius, the entire population of Alba Longa was forcibly resettled on the Caelian Hill. According to a tradition recounted by Titus Livy, the hill received its name from Caelius Vibenna. In Republican-era Rome the Caelian Hill was a fashionable residential district and the site of residences of the wealthy. Archaeological work under the Baths of Caracalla have uncovered the remains of lavish villas complete with murals and mosaics.
The Caelian is also the site of the Basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo and the ancient (4th Century) basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo, known for its centralized, circular plan (unique in Rome together with Santa Costanza). A significant area of the hill is taken up by the villa and gardens of Villa Celimontana.
Seven Hills of Rome List:
- Aventino/Aventine
- Celio/Caelian
- Capitolino/Capitoline
- Esquilino/Esquiline
- Palatino/Palatino
- Quirinale/Quirinal
- Viminale/Viminal
Note that Monte Mario (the "highest" peak in Rome with 139 mt) and Gianicolo (second "highest" hill with 88 mt) are not part of the Seven Hills!