In the summit area is the ruins of the former pilgrimage church, the oldest building in Wunsiedel, which was dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria. The time of its creation is unknown, it was first mentioned in a letter of indulgence sealed on October 14, 1364 by 14 archbishops and bishops. The former mountain chapel contained a widely famous image of St. Catherine, which attracted many pilgrims. The letter granted 40 days of exemption from ecclesiastical sin for anyone who came to the chapel on specific, individually listed days and supported them with gifts. In 1384 an early mass was established, which was held by a priest from Wunsiedler. The villages of Rügersgrün and Holzmühl had to make annual maintenance payments from their income. In 1444, a lay brother was named who, as a hermit, served as a guard and guardian.
In the city archive of Wunsiedel there is a report written shortly after 1500 about miraculous healings by St. Catherine. People from the "Pehemer Land" (Bohemia) and from places "two miles behind Nuremberg" made the pilgrimage to the oldest pilgrimage to the Katharinenberg. It was the lame, the blind, the half drowned and the suffocated, as well as war victims, who had "praised themselves to the dear Junckfrau Sant Katharina ufm Berg". This martyr was considered the greatest saint among the 14 relief workers. The pilgrimage destination visited until the Reformation was a marble statue of the martyr, considered miraculous.