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One of the most beautiful passes IMHO! Very long from the south, never too steep (if you stay on the main road: do not take the bike path after Mesocco!), and you will experience the vegetation transitioning from palm trees to alpine climate! The S. Bernardino village is a bonus, take the chance to eat something and get a water refill before the last push.

Montespluga SO The mountain village of Montespluga is located at an altitude of 1908 m above sea level at the beginning of the Val San Giacomo (also called Valle Spluga) about three kilometers from the top of the Splügen Pass. The village was built in a depression rich in water and pastures where the Valle Spluga meets the Val Loga, near the border peaks of the area such as the Pizzo Tambo. In 1927, with the construction of the dam wall located about 2 kilometers south of Montespluga, the Torrente Liro was dammed to form the Lago di Montespluga below the village. The village with the few houses, restaurants, hotels and shops on the pass road and the old customs building "La Casa" has hardly changed. Until 1841, the only hospice on the Splügen Pass and the only place of worship, the Chapel of San Francesco d'Assisi, were located here. The latter was consecrated in 1832 after the completion of the new road to the Splügen Pass in 1822. As early as 1767, the apostolic nuncio in Switzerland and later cardinal Luigi Valenti Gonzaga had given permission to set up a small chapel in the hospice. Since the opening of the San Bernardino Tunnel, the pass has no longer been kept open in winter. The village, which consists of three roads (Via Dogana, Via Ferrè and Via Val Loga), can be cut off from both Italy and Switzerland. Montespluga is the starting point for numerous hiking, mountaineering and ski touring destinations in the surrounding mountains and a stop on the cross-border long-distance hiking trail Via Spluga. Text / Source: wikipedia.org https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montespluga

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Splügen Pass / Passo dello Spluga The Splügen Pass has been proven to have been used since prehistoric times. There are also references to this in Roman times, e.g. the Itinerarium Antonini, a Roman road map from around 300 AD. The very close connections between the bishoprics of Chur and Como ran over the Splügen Pass. As early as 1396, there was evidence of significant customs revenues at Splügen. The expansion of the Viamala Gorge promoted its boom. The movement of goods was carried almost exclusively by packhorses, which meant frequent reloading. Transit traffic formed an important part of the flourishing economy. As late as 1798, the Austrian Field Marshal von Bellegarde wrote: "The largest train of goods from Milan to Germany goes over this pass, but mostly on horses and mules." Between 1818 and 1823, the first road that was passable for freight wagons and stagecoaches was built at the same time as the San Bernardino, and to a large extent it still follows the same route as it was then. After that, freight volumes and international passenger traffic over the Splügen increased several times over and reached their peak in the mid-1850s. The opening of the Alpine railways (1867 Brenner, 1872 Mont Cenis) had already reduced transit traffic over the Splügen. The opening of the Gotthard Railway in 1882 brought Graubünden transit traffic to a virtual standstill. A large wave of emigration was a direct result. The decades-long efforts to build a Splügen railway ultimately failed. The construction of the national road with a car tunnel at the San Bernardino opened up new perspectives. The Splügen Pass has been closed in winter since World War II. Text / Source: Interest Group for Alpine Passes IAP, PO Box 11, 6491 Realp https://www.alpen-paesse.ch/de/alpenpaesse/spluegenpass/

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Splügen Pass (Alpine crossing (2113 m) Alpine crossing (2113 m) on the border between the Rheinwald in the Hinterrhein valley and the Italian Val San Giacomo (St. Jakobstal). The village of Splügen at the northern starting point, mentioned around 840 as cella in speluca, gave the pass its name. Italian Passo dello Spluga, Romanesque Pass dal Spleia. In the Middle Ages, the Splügen Pass was also known as Colmen d'Orso and Urschler. At the same time as the San Bernardino, the first road that was open to freight wagons and carriages was built between 1818 and 1823. After the Simplon and before the Gotthard, the Lower Road was thus the second Swiss "artificial road" across the Alps. For the route from Chur over the San Bernardino to Bellinzona, the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont was responsible for a large part of the costs, in addition to the canton of Graubünden. The The Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom saw this as a threat to the volume of traffic over the Splügen Pass and in return had a road built at its own expense across the national border to the village of Splügen. This road essentially corresponded to the route still used at the beginning of the 21st century. On the north side, according to the plans of engineer Carlo Donegani, the road no longer led through the avalanche slope of the Altberg. On the south side, an almost completely new route was chosen below Monte Spluga to Campodolcino, bypassing the Cardinell Gorge. Many galleries and refuge houses were built at regular intervals, especially on the south side. After the devastating flood damage of 1834, the road was rebuilt in some places. In 1841, the first mountain house with the customs station was built on the north side (2022 m). Text / Source: Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (HLS) https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/008823/2013-01-10/

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The San Bernardino Pass connects the Hinterrhein Valley of Graubünden with the Misoncino. The pass overlooks the beautiful Moesola lake and is the starting point for numerous summer and winter excursions.

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Since the tunnel, you can seek strength up here in the peace and quiet...

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The Spluga pass (Splügenpass in German, Pass dal Spleia or Pass dal Splegia in Romansh and Cunus Aureus in Latin - 2,117 m a.s.l.) is one of the most important passes in the Alpine arc, known since ancient times for its easy transit: the modern arterial road that crosses it was built between 1821 and 1823, while the Roman-era via Spluga was built at the end of the 1st century BC; in its vicinity is the farthest point in Italy from the sea as the crow flies, equal to about 240 km.

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The border between Switzerland and Italy. Very nice view of the surrounding Alps

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