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In addition to the two machines powered by two millstones, the mill used water to power a sawmill and a fulling mill (a hammer machine that beat hides and textiles). From information on signs

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Felino Castle is located in the hills between the Parma and Baganza rivers in Emilia, a manor surrounded by a wide, deep moat and defended by imposing bastions. You will enter an elegant and charming atmosphere in the interior rooms and enchanting outdoor spaces, where summer events can be held, illuminated by the vibrant light of torches and the romantic glow of the moon. The main courtyard is accessed via a bridge over a wide moat. The bridge, now fixed but a drawbridge until the 19th century, was the castle's last defense against invaders. The dark bronze door, once opened, reveals a bright, luminous courtyard overlooked by porticoes and galleries that, over time, have replaced the ancient accesses to the patrol walkways. The high walls, defensive towers, and mighty keep are surrounded by a lawn whose position and shape resemble a terrace overlooking the hills and the plains stretching below the castle. Today, after over twenty years of careful restoration, it can be admired in all its splendor. Its nighttime illumination is so evocative and powerful that it can be seen from kilometers away. SOURCE: https://castelliemiliaromagna.it/it/s/felino/6005-castello_di_felino/ HISTORY of the castle and other information; https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castello_di_Felino

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Beautiful view of Torrechira

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Opposite the parish church stands this 17th-century villa, which has the distinction of preserving, like few others, its original construction and architectural features intact. Precisely tetragonal and topped by a central dovecote turret, it is constructed of exposed stone interspersed with terracotta cornices, cornices, and cornices, while the ground-floor windows feature elegant wrought-iron grilles. Enclosed by a long wall like 17th-century villas, it is currently accessed through the small gate on the south side, facing the church. The original main entrance opened on the north side, where a small pavilion still stands. The caretaker's quarters were a modest addition to the upper floor. The pavilion was built on a bridge arch spanning the Rio Bertone; for this reason, it is known as "the Venice." The villa's interior features a large central vaulted hallway, halfway up which opens onto a wide staircase with openings and landings supported by beautifully carved arches. On the first landing are two niches with antique wooden statues depicting the Virgin and Saint Catherine; the entire staircase is adorned with an artistic wrought-iron railing. The side rooms are also vaulted, with cornices above the dosseret and large 17th-century fireplaces. This interesting building was partially constructed in 1636, enlarged in 1655, and completed at a later date. It belonged to the Mussi family for several centuries, who then sold it to Sir Alfredo Ceci, whose sons are the current owners. SOURCE: https://www.prolocofelino.it/villa-ceci-gia-villa-mussi/

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First mentioned in 1028, the ancient chapel of San Michele Gatti, elevated to an independent parish church by 1564, was rebuilt in Baroque style between the 17th and 18th centuries. Decorated in 1923 by the painter Latino Barilli, it was restored around 1950. The building, with a single nave plan, features a symmetrical gabled façade clad in stone. The interior, decorated with Doric pilasters and brick arches, houses several valuable works, including several paintings from the 17th and 18th centuries. SOURCE: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felino_(Italia)

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First mentioned on August 23, 1662, the mill belonged to the Episcopal Mensa of Parma in the 19th century; renamed Molino di Sotto in 1888, it was later abandoned. The stone building, built along the Vescovo Canal, originally housed four pairs of millstones. SOURCE: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felino_(Italia)

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Mentioned as a mill in a 17th-century document, but perhaps already existing. The structure was initially a secretariat (RESGA), later adding two horizontal wheel millstones for milling operations. SOURCE: signpost

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fully functional

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