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Vorontsov Palace (Ukrainian: Воронцовський палац, Russian: Воронцовский дворец) is a palace built in the first half of the 19th century in Alupka. The palace of Prince Vorontsov, together with a large park, was built from 1828 to 1848 by the architect Edward Blore, known for the expansion of Buckingham Palace. The palace was built in an eclectic style, mainly using neo-Gothic elements on the northern façade and architecture modeled on Indian and Moorish architecture on the southern façade[3]. Local diabase was used in the construction. The complex is considered one of the main tourist attractions of Crimea. The palace park was designed and supervised by the German gardener Karl Kebach. After the October Revolution and the final fall of the Whites' rule, the palace was nationalized. During the Yalta Conference, the palace in Alupka was the seat of the British delegation, led by Churchill. The impressive appearance of the palace meant that in 1985 the team making the film The Travels of Mr. Kleks chose it as a filming object, which "played" the palace of King Apollinaris Bai, the ruler of the fictional film land - Bajdocja. https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_Woroncowa_w_A%C5%82upce https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpUKrzDuVYc&pp=ygUZUGHFgmFjIGtzacSZY2lhIFdvcm9uY293YQ%3D%3D

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There is a fee to enter the castle (around 300 UAH, August 2023) but it is worth it, especially if you are interested in the history of this fortress from its beginnings to the present day. Excavations and renovations are still taking place, so there is something new to see with each new visit.

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Beautiful, ancient city carved into the rocks. Paid entrance.

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Can be accessed with a bike

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You can go with a bike

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The Alupka Palace and Park Museum-Reserve, also known as the Vorontsov Palace, was created in the first half of the 19th century in Alupka, at the foot of Mount Ai-Petri. The first owner of the luxurious palace was Count Mikhail Vorontsov. The building began to be erected in 1830, but completed after 18 years. The palace was built in the Neo-Gothic style, the northern facade of the central building and the western part of the palace are made in the Tudor style. The southern façade is crowned by the Lion Terrace, a monumental staircase with three pairs of white marble lions.

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Opening hours: 9:00-17:00, seven days a week.

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Krzemieniec Castle - ruins of a castle from the 13th-14th centuries, rebuilt in the 16th century, located in Krzemieniec. In the 12th century, a wooden stronghold of the Ruthenian dukes was erected here, the wooden fortifications of which were replaced with brick ones in the 13th-14th centuries. The castle was fortified so strongly that in 1226 it could not be conquered by King Andrzej Węgierski, and in 1241 by the Tatars [1]. In 1321, Krzemieniec and Łuck came under the rule of Lithuania, and later of Poland, as the seat of the castle starosty in the Volyn voivodeship. In the years 1409-1418 his cousin Świdrygiełło was imprisoned here by prince Witold for allying during the Great War with the Teutonic Knights against Jagiello and Witold. The imprisonment was not difficult and the fugitive of the Teutonic Knights, Konrad of Falkenberg, who managed the castle, allowed Świdrygielle to receive guests, among whom the dukes Daszko Ostrogski and Aleksander Nos decided to help Świdrygielle escape. They sent two men who were part of the castle crew and on the night of March 24, 1418 they opened the gates of the castle, into which 500 people of Prince Ostrogski broke. The entire crew was murdered, including Konrad of Falkenberg, who defended himself with a sword in his hand. In 1536, Queen Bona received the Krzemieniec starosty from her husband, Sigismund the Old, and on her initiative, the castle was rebuilt into a Renaissance one and the fortifications were strengthened. Later, the castle belonged to successive Polish kings. In October 1648, after a 6-week siege, Cossack colonel Maksym Krzywonos captured the castle and demolished it. The unrebuilt castle fell into ruin that remains to this day. https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamek_w_Krzemie%C5%84cu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2d3U3La1Us

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Mangup (Ukrainian: Мангуп, Krm. Mangup, Russian: Мангуп) - a medieval fortress city in the western part of Crimea, Ukraine, near Bakhchisaraj. It was the largest rock city of Crimea, it occupied 90 hectares. They were built on a plateau, bounded on three sides by cliffs 70 m high, and on the fourth side by three deep ravines. It is located at an altitude of 584 m above sea level. In the beginning, Mangup was called Doros, and in the 14th - 15th centuries - Teodoro. Founded at the end of the 6th century C.E. as a fortress of the Byzantine Empire, in place of those existing from the 3rd century AD unofficial villages. It was then that a large basilica was built. In the 80s of the 7th century CE occupied by the Khazars, who lost the city to the Byzantines in the middle of the 9th century. From the end of the 10th century to the middle of the 14th century, the city deteriorated considerably and did not play a major role. In the mid-fourteenth century, it became the capital of the state of Teodoro and its lush development begins, manifested, among others, by the construction of a large number of representative and military buildings. After the city was captured and plundered at the end of the 14th century by Timur's army, the city was quickly rebuilt in the 20s of the 15th century, then a second defensive wall was built, and the citadel, basilica, and the palace of the rulers of Teodoro were renovated and enlarged. Conquered by the Turks in 1475 and transformed into a Turkish fortress, it gradually declines. At the end of the 16th century, Orthodox Christians leave Mangup, and only the Turkish garrison and the large Karaite community remain. In 1792, the city was abandoned by the Karaims due to the liquidation of the Turkish garrison and has remained in ruins ever since. The main monuments of Mangupu are: - defensive wall from the 6th century CE, rebuilt and extended many times - the ruins of the largest Christian basilica in the mountainous Crimea, built in the 6th century AD, existing until the 16th century - ruins of the palace of the rulers of the Teodoro state from the 15th century AD - ruins of a citadel built in the 14th-15th centuries - rock monastery from the 15th century - Karaim cemetery from the 15th - 18th centuries https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangup https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangup https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wl0MKi7qh30

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Chufut-Kale (Ukrainian: Чуфут-Калe, krm. Çufut Qale, Russian: уфут-Кале) - a rock town and medieval fortress town in the western part of Crimea, Ukraine, 2.5 km from Bakhchisarai. The name in the language of the Crimean Tatars meant "Jewish fortress" (çufut - Jew, qale - fortress). Other old names of the city have also survived - Jüft Kale, Kyrk Jer or Kyrk Or. For most of its history (from the 16th century), it was mostly inhabited by Karaims. It is situated on the top of a table mountain, bounded by 10–30 m high cliffs to the west, south and north. The whole city is 46 ha, with the largest part (36 ha) being undeveloped and used as a shelter for cattle. The built-up area covered only the eastern part of the plateau and included the old town of 7 hectares and the new town (3 hectares), established in the 15th century. The origins of the fortress date back to the end of the 6th century CE. Data on the first centuries of the history of the settlement are very modest and often contradictory. Probably initially it was the Byzantine border watchtower - Fulla, although there are also sources saying that it was a fortress of the local Alans, who at that time were subject to the Byzantine Empire. According to some sources, in the following centuries the castle came under the control of the Polovtsians [note needed] - the name Kyrk Er (Kyrk Or) comes from this period, which means 40 fortifications in Tatar. In 1299, after a siege with the use of siege machines, the city was conquered and plundered by the Mongols led by the Nogaj Khan. Later re-inhabited by the Alans, it is assumed that it was the center of their country, although probably under vassal dependence on the Tatars of the Golden Horde. In the 40s of the 14th century, the city came under the direct rule of the Tatars, who immediately built a mosque here. https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czufut-Kale https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiiI3MTvy8s

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The palace complex of the Crimean khans in Bakhchisaray - a palace, the residence of most of the Crimean khans and the center of power of the Crimean Khanate. The walled complex is located on the left bank of the Churuk-Su River and consists of two gates, the Great Khan-Dżami Mosque, the main palace, the Falcon Tower, the Khan's cemetery, the harem, Persian gardens and other buildings. Currently, the territory of the palace with gardens covers about 4.3 hectares, which is less than 25% of the original area. It is one of the three preserved Muslim palace complexes in Europe. The other two are Topkapı in Istanbul and the Alhambra in Granada. From the eighteenth century, the palace was the site of, among others vacation of the Russian tsarist family. The palace was built in the first half of the 16th century by prisoners of war captured during Tatars' expeditions to the lands of Russia and present-day Ukraine, by order of the then Khan Sahib I Giray. The works were carried out under the supervision of Ottoman, Persian and Italian architects. With the creation of the palace, the khan began building the entire city of Bakhchisaray as the new capital. The construction of the complex was most probably started in 1532. The first object to be erected was the Great Mosque of Khan-Jami, which until the 17th century was called the Khan Sahib Girey Mosque. The complex was rebuilt many times, almost every khan changed part of it, added new ones or demolished and built other buildings from scratch. In 1736, a large part of the complex was destroyed by fire. The contemporary shape has been preserved from that period, when the palace and most of the buildings were rebuilt by Khan Selamet II Giray. https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%82ac_chan%C3%B3w_krymskich https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXxQtuwOjj4

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Swallow's Nest (Ukrainian: Ластівчине гніздо, Russian: Ласточкино гнездо) - a monument of architecture in Crimea, located on the Aj-Todor rock in Haspra near Yalta. The neo-Gothic castle, designed by the Russian architect Leonid Sherwood, was built in 1911 or 1912, on top of the 40 m high Aurora cliff. The Swallow's Nest is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Crimea. The Swallow's Nest, although it looks like a real stronghold of a medieval knight or an elegant lady, can be called a castle by convention. After all, this unusual building from the earliest days of its existence served as a summer seaside villa, for which fashion appeared among the nobility and wealthy merchants of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. The history of the Swallow's Nest dates back to the late 1870s, when the construction of a wooden structure began on the top of the Aurora cliff, which is part of Cape Aj-Todor. Its owner was a former Russian general, whose name, unfortunately, has not been remembered by history. The secluded location of the general's villa, the romantic views of the sea stretching from its windows and the fact that the general himself referred to it as the "castle of love" contributed to the rumors that the Swallow's Nest is a meeting place of the general with a mysterious lady. After a few years, the owner of the villa was a member of the Yalta city council, Adalbert Karlovic Tobin, who was a doctor at the royal summer residence in Livadia. In his time, a stone building appeared in place of a wooden villa, the appearance of which can be admired on the canvases of Aivazovsky and Bogolubov. It was during this period that this villa finally gained the nickname of the swallow's nest, under which it even appears in the 1895 tourist guide. Next to his house, between the lighthouse and the rock, the doctor set up a small boarding house where wealthy patients from big cities were treated. After Tobin's death, the villa was not taken care of for a long time by his wife, who sold the Swallow's Nest to a wealthy oilman - Baron Sztejngel. On the initiative of this host, the villa was rebuilt and took on its magnificent appearance, reminiscent of knightly castles in the Rhine valley. https://castles.today/pl/zamki/ukraina/jata-zamek/historia/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdxWMSu-yGg

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Medieval fortress located in the city of Sudak in the south-eastern part of Crimea on rocky coastal hills. It is the best preserved monument in the Black Sea basin from the heyday and expansion of the medieval Genoese Republic. The fortress was built after the Genoese took over the area in 1365 by the Venetians with the consent of the Tatars. It was part of the entire set of Genoese fortresses on the southern coast of Crimea, protecting the country's interests in this region and, next to the fortress in Kaffa (today's Feodosia), it was the strongest link in this complex. The construction site was selected due to the defensive qualities of the site (mountains, sea). The entire fortification was built on a diamond plan. The fortress was accessible practically only from the north-east, and from this side the Genoese built a deep moat, separating the walls from the surrounding areas, over which a bridge leading to the main gate was lowered. The construction was continued in the years 1381-1430. There was a large settlement inside the walls. In the central part of the fortress there was a square with a loggia and a commune hall. In the immediate vicinity of this building, a cistern and a fountain were erected, and in the vicinity of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary and three churches. The area of 29.5 ha was surrounded on all sides by walls 1 km long, 6-8 m high and 2 m thick. Some towers were 15 m high. The fortress was conquered by the Turks in the summer of 1475 as the last bastion of the Genoese resistance in Crimea, and the defenders of the fortress, numbering one thousand, led by the last Genoese consul, Sudaku Cristofero di Negro, fell in the fight. https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twierdza_genue%C5%84ska_w_Sudaku https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuBtqXoOWqw

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Castle in Zbaraż - a fortress in the type of palazzo in fortezza in Zbaraż (Nowe Zbaraż). It was built in the years 1620-26, at the request of Jerzy Zbaraski and Krzysztof Zbaraski, and was designed by Henryk van Peene from Flanders. From 1434, Zbaraż Stary was the seat of a wealthy family of the princes of Zbaraz, who came from the Ruthenian Korybuty. In 1474, Prince Wasyl Nieświcki, unable to defend himself against the Tatars, burned down in the castle with the entire crew. The castle was rebuilt, but in 1589 it was again destroyed by the Tatars. The construction of the new castle began in 1620. The castle, surrounded by earth fortifications, made with the participation of Krzysztof Arciszewski, was unsuccessfully besieged by the Cossacks in 1649. The siege was described by Henryk Sienkiewicz in Ogniem i Mieczem (Ogniem i Mieczem). During the war with Turkey 1672-1676, in August 1675, the Polish crew repelled two storms of Turkish troops with 30 cannons, after which they were attacked from the inside by peasants who took refuge within its walls. On the condition of saving their lives, on August 2, the peasants surrendered the castle, but the Turks did not keep their promise and slaughtered them all. After taking back the castle, Fr. Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki repaired the damage. In 1682, the castle passed into the hands of the Potocki family. Then it was occupied by the Russians in 1707 during the Third Northern War and in 1734 during the War of the Polish Succession. In the 18th century, the castle in ruin still belonged to the Potocki family. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Potocki family sold the Lubomirski castle. General Józef Bem resided in the castle for some time. It was seriously damaged by the Russians in 1914 during World War I. https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamek_w_Zbara%C5%BCu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQuSNUcsVNw

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The castle Palanok "Plankenburg" is located on a mountain cone of volcanic origin west of the town of Mukachevo in Transcarpathia. The origins of the castle complex go back to the 14th century. The castle has seen a changeable development. After the Rákóczi family, who owned the castle until 1711, Emperor Charles VI. the castle and the lands around Mukachevo in 1726 to the Mainz elector-archbishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn. The possessions remained in the possession of the Counts of Schönborn until the 20th century. Later the castle was used as a barracks and prison, over time it was rebuilt as a fortress and today it houses a museum dedicated to the history of the castle and the town of Mukachevo.

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Stari Kodaky — an old town, based on the Kodak fortress — a fort built in 1635 by the order of Polish king Władysław IV Vasa. It was constructed to control Cossacks of Zaporizhian Sich, prevent Ukrainian peasants from joining forces with the Cossacks and guard the southeastern corner of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654, Kodak fortress was manned by the Cossacks. Today the site is just ruins, but it is a popular tourist attraction.