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In wartime situations, it controlled the space between Lisbon and the South, between the Tagus and Sado rivers. During the Islamic period and the Christian offensive in the 12th and 13th centuries, this geostrategic position was compatible with other fortified sites—Coina, Sesimbra, and the Sado riverbank. In the surrounding area—with good conditions for grazing and a large area of agricultural land—some rural communities settled during the Islamic period, such as the village of Alto da Queimada (Serra do Louro). Inside the wall, the ruins of the Church of Santa Maria do Castelo welcome visitors: Palmela's first parish church, probably from the 12th century (founded by King Afonso Henriques?), subject to interventions mainly in the 16th and 17th centuries and severely damaged by the 1755 earthquake. The walls, the pentagonal Keep—a 16th-century construction—are part of the original structure. The castle dates back to the 14th century, where the Bishop of Évora, D. Garcia de Meneses, was imprisoned in the waterless cistern for conspiring against King John II. The bishop died there from poisoning in 1484. The parade ground and barracks are worth visiting. As it stands, the castle is the result of several construction campaigns—repairs, reconstructions, and expansions—up until the 18th century. Archaeological work has identified some sections of the wall from the Islamic period, and other construction phases are recognized, likely dating from the post-reconquest period and, later, from the reign of King John I. The bastion system that surrounds the first line of fortification was commissioned by King Pedro II. In the house of the Prior-Major of the Order, or the military commander of the fortress—after the abolition of the orders (in 1834)—the explorer of African lands, Hermenegildo Carlos de Brito Capelo, son of the fortress's governor, was born on February 4, 1841. Palmela Castle was classified as a National Monument by Decree-Law of June 16, 1910. Parking outside the walls is recommended.

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In wartime situations, it controlled the space between Lisbon and the South, between the Tagus and Sado rivers. During the Islamic period and the Christian offensive in the 12th and 13th centuries, this geostrategic position was compatible with other fortified sites—Coina, Sesimbra, and the Sado riverbank. In the surrounding area—with good conditions for grazing and a large area of agricultural land—some rural communities settled during the Islamic period, such as the village of Alto da Queimada (Serra do Louro). Inside the wall, the ruins of the Church of Santa Maria do Castelo welcome visitors: Palmela's first parish church, probably from the 12th century (founded by King Afonso Henriques?), subject to interventions mainly in the 16th and 17th centuries and severely damaged by the 1755 earthquake. The walls, the pentagonal Keep—a 16th-century construction—are part of the original structure. The castle dates back to the 14th century, where the Bishop of Évora, D. Garcia de Meneses, was imprisoned in the waterless cistern for conspiring against King John II. The bishop died there from poisoning in 1484. The parade ground and barracks are worth visiting. As it stands, the castle is the result of several construction campaigns—repairs, reconstructions, and expansions—up until the 18th century. Archaeological work has identified some sections of the wall from the Islamic period, and other construction phases are recognized, likely dating from the post-reconquest period and, later, from the reign of King John I. The bastion system that surrounds the first line of fortification was commissioned by King Pedro II. In the house of the Prior-Major of the Order, or the military commander of the fortress—after the abolition of the orders (in 1834)—the explorer of African lands, Hermenegildo Carlos de Brito Capelo, son of the fortress's governor, was born on February 4, 1841. Palmela Castle was classified as a National Monument by Decree-Law of June 16, 1910. Parking outside the walls is recommended.

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The name Alcácer do Sal comes from the combination of "Alcácer", from the Arabic al-Qasr (meaning castle or palace), and "do Sal", referring to the importance of salt mining in the region since Roman times, when the city was known as Salacia.

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Alcácer do Sal is the seat of the municipality of Alcácer do Sal, the second largest municipality in Portugal, with an area of 1,499.87 km² but only 11,112 inhabitants (2021), and is subdivided into four parishes. The municipality is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Palmela, Vendas Novas, and Montemor-o-Novo, to the east by Viana do Alentejo and Alvito, to the southeast by Ferreira do Alentejo, to the south and west by Grândola, and to the northwest, across the Sado Estuary, by Setúbal. The Sado riverside area is a very pleasant place for a walk or bike ride. Here you can also see the immense rice fields.👍🥾

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The Pego do Altar Dam is located a few kilometres from Alcácer do Sal and was built in 1949 to supply the agricultural area of the Sado River valley and to produce electricity. Today it is very popular with foreigners in their motorhomes and with sports fishing enthusiasts. It is a magical place due to its landscapes, its capacity for leisure activities and its importance in irrigating the fields, where the main irrigated crop is rice. Not far from the Pego do Altar Dam, the village of Santa Susana has a curious feature: some buildings with modernist architecture from the 1940s, which are due to a benefactor of the region, Henrique Louro Fernandes, whose monogram (HF) can be found on some of them. A small church, with two 16th-century panels inside, somewhat deteriorated but magnificent, completes the interesting visit to this place. Recently, the drought that hit this area “uncovered” an old 200-year-old bridge that was submerged by the waters of the dam.

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Sesimbra Castle is a rare gem: the last Portuguese castle by the sea to preserve its medieval essence. Classified as a National Monument, it holds stories and breathtaking views. Walking along its walls is like traveling back in time, with the town of Sesimbra and the vast blue of the ocean stretching out before your eyes.

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A beautiful and well-preserved church here in the Castelo

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Epic and very impressive castle

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very impressive and very interesting

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Very massive tower at Sesimbra Castle

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A wonderful view down to Sesimbra

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The project for a modern fortification to defend this stretch of the Portuguese coast dates back to the 14th century, with the construction of the Fort of Santiago do Outão, intended to control the entrance to the river bar and access to the medieval town. Aiming to expand this defense, during the reign of D. João III (1521-1557), Brás Dias was given a regiment to be the administrator of the works of the Plaza and Castle of Setúbal (July 31, 1526). Financial difficulties, which even led to the abandonment of overseas positions in North Africa (Fortress of Azamor, Fortress of Arzila, Fortress of Alcácer-Ceguer and Fortress of Safim), may have delayed the development of these works. Dating back to the time of the Philippine dynasty, its relevance is demonstrated by the fact that the sovereign Philip I (1580-1598) himself attended in person, in 1582, the laying of the foundation stone of the new fortification, designed by the Italian architect and military engineer Filippo Terzi (1520-1597). This engineer worked on the works until mid-1594, when he signed a plan and section of the fortification (8 July 1594), which was sent to the Spanish War Council. After his death, the military engineer and architect from Cremona, Leonardo Torriani, was appointed to carry out the works, and they were completed in 1600. In the context of the restoration of independence, during the reign of King John IV (1640-1656), the Governor of Arms of Setúbal, João de Saldanha, expanded this defence by adding a low battery between 1649 and 1655. It is believed that this new structure was intended to make up for the lack of artillery in covering river access to the port. In the 18th century, the chapel inside acquired its tile covering, designed by Policarpo de Oliveira Bernardes (1736). During the Pombaline consulship (1750-1777), it was not immune to the earthquake of 1755 and was used as a School of Artillerymen. In the mid-19th century, a fire destroyed the Casa do Comando, then the residence of the Governor of Arms of Setúbal.

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The Fort of São Filipe de Setúbal, also referred to as the São Filipe Castle or the São Filipe Fortress, is in the city of Setúbal in the Setúbal District, of Portugal. The fort was built on the orders of Philip II of Spain (Philip I of Portugal), who personally witnessed the laying of the cornerstone of the new fortification in 1582. It stands in a dominant position on the right bank of the mouth of the Sado River, overlooking the centre of Setúbal to its east and guarding access to the river. Named after the king during the Iberian Union, the fortress was designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino and had the Italian military engineer Filipe Terzi, who worked for the Spanish Royal Court, as its chief engineer. It was completed in 1600 under the guidance of Leonardo Torreano due to the death of Terzi.

You have a beautiful view of the beach from above

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Great views but nothing more

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Small fine chapel to admire

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Alcácer do Sal is one of the oldest cities in Europe, founded before 1000 BC by the Phoenicians. Like its neighbours, Lisbon and Setúbal, it supplied salt, salted fish, horses for export and food for ships that traded tin with Cornwall. Later, with the Visigothic invasion, it regained importance, becoming the episcopal seat. Invaded by the Arabs, it took the name of Qasr Abu Danis, and one of the strongest fortresses in the Iberian Peninsula was built there. The Vikings tried to plunder it but were unsuccessful. During the Arab rule, it was the capital of the province of Al-Kassr. D. Afonso Henriques conquered it in 1158. It was only during the reign of D. Afonso II, with the help of a fleet of crusaders, that the city was finally conquered by the Moors, becoming the head of the Order of Santiago. This town was elevated to city status on July 12, 1997.

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As one of Portugal’s busiest fishing harbors during the middle ages, the inhabitants of Sines decided to build a castle to defend their ships and the town against enemy navies and pirates. The castle dates back to the 15th century and still stands in its entirety. Although it was built smaller than average to adapt to the landscape it was built on, the castle boasts a large history, including being home to Estêvão da Gama, father of Vasco da Gama.

Sines Castle is a medieval fortress built on a cliff that has been occupied since the Paleolithic period. It was very useful for defense and is now one of the best viewpoints over the bay. In the 14th century, the small bourgeois village of Sines demanded administrative autonomy from King Dom Pedro I in relation to Santiago do Cacém. The monarch, interested in the strategic importance of the land in protecting this coastal area from pirates, granted Sines a charter. But on one condition: the construction of a defensive fence. The castle was built during the first half of the 15th century. Its area is relatively small, half a hectare, which may be explained by the fact that at the time the castle was built, the village already occupied an area too large to be completely surrounded. The most famous mayor of Sines was Estêvão da Gama, father of Vasco da Gama, who carried out works on the fortress. Assuming that Estêvão already occupied this position in 1469, the probable year of the navigator's birth, this must be the birthplace of Vasco da Gama. The castle underwent restoration work, completed in November 2008, at the same time as the inauguration of the Sines Museum and Vasco da Gama's House. It has been a Monument of Public Interest since 1933 (decree no. 22737 of 24 June)

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The Santiago Fortress has been part of the Sesimbra community for 365 years. It was built at a time when danger came from the sea and maritime borders had to be defended. However, the course of history has caused it to lose its defensive preponderance. In 2016, the Santiago Fortress received the largest project ever dedicated to the space: the Sesimbra Maritime Museum, which presents the history of the sea, fishing and the fishing community from the earliest times to the present day.

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