A church in Vettweiß was first mentioned in a deed of donation from the Archbishop of Cologne from around 988. It was a bishop's own church. In this deed, the church was donated to the Cologne monastery of St. Martin. In 1508, the Vettweiß parish was incorporated into the Great St. Martin Abbey in Cologne.
Nothing more is known about the church mentioned around 988. In the 12th century, a new bell tower was built in the Romanesque architectural style. A small Romanesque hall church was most likely attached to it. The tower was a choir tower. In the years 1852 to 1853, the old church was replaced by a new neo-Gothic building, but the old tower remained standing. This building was a single-nave, five-bay hall church with a 5/8 choir end. The windows all had two-track tracery. During the Second World War, the parish church was not initially destroyed, but in 1945 the occupying troops blew up the entire building to obtain building materials for an airfield.
Between 1949 and 1951, the current church was built on the site of the old church according to plans by the Cologne architect Josef Op Gen Oorth. It is a modern hall church made of bricks, which spans a wooden barrel vault. In keeping with the old Romanesque choir tower, a choir tower with a four-sided helmet was also integrated into this new building.
In 2010, the parish of St. Gereon in Vettweiß merged with the former parishes of St. Gangolf (Soller), St. Michael (Kelz), St. Antonius (Ginnick), St. Mariä Himmelfahrt (Disternich), St. Jakobus der Ältere (Jakobwüllesheim), St. Johann Baptist (Sievernich), St. Amandus (Müddersheim), St. Martin (Froitzheim) and St. Petrus (Gladbach) to form the parish of St. Marien, Vettweiß. Since then, the church of St. Gereon has been the parish church of the parish of St. Marien.