The Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg–Bischofsgrün railway was a branch line in Bavaria. It branched off at Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg at the Schlömen junction from the Bayreuth–Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg railway and led to Bischofsgrün. It was one of the seven railway lines that used to open up the Fichtelgebirge.
The line began at Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg station (50° 5' 35.1" N, 11° 34' 54.1" E) and initially used the track of the leased railway in the direction of Bayreuth. At Schlömen it branched off to the south-east, for which purpose a signal box (with block post) (50° 4′ 32.5″ N, 11° 34′ 41″ E) was erected on the outskirts. The route then roughly followed the course of the White Main. From Bad Berneck to Bischofsgrün, it ran parallel to the river with a steep incline. The difference in altitude between Himmelkron and Bischofsgrün was 266 meters, and the ascent from Rohrenhof exceeded that of the Schiefe Ebene by far at 33 ‰. The terminus at Bischofsgrün (50° 3′ 14.1″ N, 11° 46′ 28.5″ E) was in the district of Glasermühle more than a kilometer outside and a good 50 meters below the main town.
The track was built in three sections. On November 28, 1896, the railway reached the spa town and former district office of Berneck, the following year Goldmühl and finally on October 20, 1898 the station Bischofsgrün. A locomotive depot was set up there for the maintenance and servicing of the steam locomotives. There were freight sidings to a company in Goldmühl and for ballast transport to a hard stone works in Rohrenhof.
Passenger traffic on the entire line was discontinued on May 26, 1974, and freight traffic between Rohrenhof and Bischofsgrün on May 31, 1986. The Goldmühl section of the line connecting the Hartstein-Röhrenhof works has since been run as a siding.
The railway line was completely dismantled.