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Medieval Castle of 1351. The fortification, which controlled the most important communication routes coming from the Apennines, Cisa and Garfagnana, developed in the 14th century (but its origins are probably older) and on its tower, 25 meters high and crowned by a corbeled patrol embossment, the flag of the Malaspina marquises flew until the 17th century. In addition to performing defensive functions, the castle became a noble residence in 1641, when the central body was transformed into a palace, incorporating the round tower. Despite this, the appearance of Malgrate is that of a classic medieval fortress: the main body is made up of the keep, located on the short side of the rectangular feudal palace and surrounded by walls, equipped with Guelph battlements, slopes and a patrol walkway that seems to date back to the 14th century.

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The Piagnaro Castle is a fortress built in a strategic point to protect the Apennine passes and around which the first medieval nucleus was formed, built around the year 1000. For centuries it has been an integral part of the city's defensive system. In its thousand-year history it has undergone numerous destructions and subsequent reconstructions that have brought it to its current appearance. The Castle maintained its military function until the end of the 18th century. Its name derives from the so-called piagne, the gray sandstone slabs used in Lunigiana to cover the roofs of buildings, including that of the castle.

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The hike up to the castle is worth it. Great views!

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The construction of the castle probably dates back to the 14th century, when it was erected as a simple quadrangular fortification, entirely in stone with mortar joints. During the 15th century, the structure was expanded with the addition of two cylindrical towers placed diagonally at opposite corners, equipped with slits for firearms, evidence of the evolution of the defensive techniques of the time. The Castle of Villa di Tresana was part of the vast defensive system of the Malaspina, a powerful noble family that dominated Lunigiana. Located along the Via Francigena, the castle had a strategic function in controlling the communication routes and offered hospitality to pilgrims and travellers in transit. Over the centuries, the castle underwent various vicissitudes. In the 17th century it came under the influence of the Medici, while remaining under the control of the Malaspina. Subsequently, it was used as an agricultural building and fell into a state of abandonment. Only recently has it been the subject of careful restoration, which has preserved its original structure and restored its ancient splendor. Currently, the Castle of Villa di Tresana is a private property and is not open to the public. However, it is possible to admire it from the outside, especially during the autumn, when the climbing ivy that covers it takes on suggestive colors, giving the castle a fairy-tale appearance.

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Campanone is a term used in Pontremoli to refer to a medieval tower, the only remaining part of a medieval fortress called Fortezza di Cazzaguerra. The tower was built in 1322. Its purpose was to keep the Guelph and Ghibelline factions of the city separated. The central tower was equipped from the beginning with a bell to warn the citizens of possible dangers. Only later was the tower raised and the actual bell tower built.

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The Lunigiana stele statues on display are worth seeing. I found it quite interesting. From the top you have a beautiful view of the city

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The castle and the village are one of the most interesting examples of the fusion of civil and military medieval architecture. The oldest part of the structure dates from the mid-fourteenth century, when Lusuolo was an independent feudal kingdom. In 1450 the castle fell into the hands of the Genoese, who partially demolished it. Today, the Castle of Lusuolo houses the Museum of the Emigration of the People of Tuscany.

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Lusuolo is a characteristic village stretching along the crest of a hill overlooking the right bank of the Magra River, halfway between Villafranca and Mulazzo. The castle and the village are one of the most interesting examples of the fusion of civil and military medieval architecture. The oldest part of the structure dates from the mid-fourteenth century, when Lusuolo was an independent feudal kingdom. In 1450 the castle fell into the hands of the Genoese, who partially demolished it. Today, the Castle of Lusuolo houses the Museum of the Emigration of the People of Tuscany. Due to its strategic position, Lusuolo has often been at the center of major conflicts between the powers contesting control of Lunigiana (Florence, Genoa and Milan) leading to its destruction and reconstruction several times.

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