니더올름‬에서 가장 멋진 ‪12‬개의 동굴

The citadel is, next to the cathedral, the most important historical building in Mainz. First fortified in 1620, the citadel took its present form on Jakobsberg hill in 1660. The citadel and its surroundings document Mainz's military history in a very small area: from the Roman war memorial "Drususstein" to the barracks buildings from the time of the Federal Fortress in the 19th century, and finally to the air-raid shelters from the Second World War. The Drusus Bastion, with its mysterious passageways, is particularly captivating. Source: http://www.festung-mainz.de/zitadelle/einfuehrung.html

The grounds of the Mainz Citadel are open year-round. The two gates to the citadel (the Commandant's Building and the bridge at Windmill Hill) are no longer closed. The citadel can therefore be visited even late in the evening. Access may be restricted only for a few specific events (such as Open Ohr). Source: http://www.festung-mainz.de/zitadelle/touristische-hinweise.html

After World War II, the French occupying forces confiscated the complex (until 1955). In the 1960s, the Mainz Commercial Vocational School was located in the citadel until its relocation to a new building on the Hartenberg. Today, the citadel belongs to the city of Mainz and houses numerous municipal offices. The Mainz Citadel has been a listed historical monument since 1907. The moat in the southern part of the citadel has been a protected landscape since the mid-1980s as an "anthropogenic biotope" of "national importance."[3] The City History Museum is now housed in Building D in front of the Drusus Stone. The citadel and its surroundings document Mainz's urban history in a very small area: from the Roman war memorial Drusus Stone to the barracks buildings from the federal fortress era in the 19th century, and on to the air-raid shelters from World War II. Since 1975, the OpenOhr Festival, a themed youth culture festival with discussion forums and workshops, cabaret, and live concerts, has taken place annually at the Mainz Citadel over the Pentecost weekend. In October 2015, the Mainz Citadel was awarded the Hague Plaque by UNESCO, designating the structure as a protected monument. In the event of damage caused by armed conflict, the International Court of Justice would assume prosecution should the German government be unable to do so.

The keep has been preserved and can be climbed. The upper (narrow) section is a bit dark, but the climb is worth it!

The citadel was expanded from 1655 onwards as an addition to the city's fortifications. From up here on Jakobsberg hill, there is also a beautiful panoramic view over Mainz as far as the Taunus mountains.

In the 1960s, the citadel housed the commercial vocational school of the city of Mainz until it moved to the new building on the Hartenberg. Today the citadel belongs to the city of Mainz and houses numerous municipal offices.

From here, you have a magnificent view in both directions, into the Selz Valley and to the north as far as the Rhine and the Rheingau. The current building complex dates from the late 18th to the 20th century. Henn suggests that a Roman estate, a villa rustica, may well have stood on this site, even though no archaeological traces of it have yet been found. Source: http://www.ingelheimer-geschichte.de/index.php?id=404

Westerhaus Castle is the largest estate in Rheinhessen. It is on the Westerberg near Großwinternheim near Ingelheim am Rhein. Today it is a well-known VDP winery and is run by the fourth generation. The vineyards consist of ancient shell limestone rocks and the wine cellar of the winery is carved into the mountain, which looks like a stalactite cave, but is ideal for the wine. The castle is on the Hiwweltour Westerberg. https://www.komoot.de/tour/435296837/annotate/highlights