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Pria Burgheisa (Pietra Borghese) is a massive outcrop of mantle peridotites, among the best-known and most significant in the area. It lies on the southwestern edge of the Prato Mollo plateau, on the southern slopes of Mount Aiona, at an altitude of 1,465 m. It is a geosite of considerable petrographic, mineralogical, and regional geological interest, allowing us to study the evolution of a portion of the lithospheric mantle subsequently involved in the Apennine orogeny. The outcrop has a highly irregular shape: 30 m long, 10 m wide at its maximum, and 7–8 m high. The rocks are dark in color, ranging from blackish to brownish; the mass is affected by three main fracture systems, more or less orthogonal to each other, which fragment it into numerous square-shaped blocks. The surface of the blocks has a pitted appearance, as the pyroxene crystals, more resistant to erosion than olivine, remain prominent. At the outcrop, mantle foliation is evident, due to the presence of frequent pyroxenite bands. Source: Liguria Geosite Registry.

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Situated at 717 meters above sea level, Santa Maria del Taro is a hamlet in the municipality of Tornolo (province of Parma), nestled in the heart of the Northern Apennines, near the border between Emilia and Liguria. Since the early Middle Ages, its strategic position along the ancient ridge road connecting the sea to the Po Valley has made it a transit and trade center, as well as a military and commercial control point. The name itself recalls the religious devotion that has permeated the town for centuries: the church-sanctuary dedicated to the Nativity of Mary, rebuilt in neoclassical style between 1807 and 1834, stands on an older structure and has been the spiritual center of the upper Taro Valley for centuries. The building, with its broad façade and stone bell tower, preserves a deep devotional tradition that is still alive. A short walk from the center is the Ponte dei Priori, a medieval humpbacked stone structure that once served as the only permanent access to the valley and symbolically marked the passage between the lands of the Malaspina and Fieschi families, two powerful feudal families of the Apennines. Over the centuries, Santa Maria del Taro has maintained an identity suspended between Emilian and Ligurian culture, evident in the features of its rural architecture, local dialects, and popular customs.

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The Rifugio Casermette del Penna (1,400 m) is located within the Aveto Park, in a beautiful beech forest at the foot of Mount Penna, where the Forestry Corps barracks once stood. Renovated sustainably using local wood, photovoltaic panels, and a biomass boiler, the refuge offers 25 beds in both rooms and dormitories, as well as home-cooked meals prepared using local produce. Today, it is a popular destination for hikers, families, and groups, thanks in part to the large green lawn in front of the building: in summer, it's ideal for relaxing in the sun, picnicking, or letting children play freely. The location is perfect for exploring the trails of Mount Penna, the Lago Penna loop, the Pennino forests, or tackling more technical climbs to the rocky peaks. In winter, it's an ideal base for snowshoeing and cross-country skiing.

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The Rifugio Faggio dei Tre Comuni (1,400 m), opened in 2011, is located in a beautiful clearing among the beech forests of the Ligurian-Emilian Apennines, at the symbolic meeting point of the municipalities of Bedonia, Tornolo, and Santo Stefano d'Aveto. Built of wood and concrete, it offered approximately 20 beds and was managed by the Parma branch of the Italian Alpine Club (CAI). Unfortunately, with the agreement between the CAI and the Unione Montana (Mountain Union) having expired, the refuge is now closed and abandoned. A real shame: if the facility were reopened at least during the summer months, it could once again become an ideal base for hiking and biking excursions to Monte Trevine, Monte Penna, and the source of the Taro River. The beauty of the site remains intact, and the refuge's clearing is a perfect stop for a break in the silence of the forest.

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Situated at 956 meters between the Vara and Aveto Valleys, the Bocco Pass is one of the historic passes of the Ligurian Apennines, used since ancient times as a connection between the Tyrrhenian coast and the Po Valley hinterland. Already in Roman times, it was part of a secondary transit network, but it was especially in the Middle Ages and modern times that the pass assumed a central role in local traffic: a route for merchants, shepherds, and pilgrims, it connected Chiavari and the Riviera with Varese Ligure and the Emilian plains. Traces of the ancient paving are still visible today in the surrounding woods. During the Second World War, the area served as a refuge for partisan groups, thanks to its secluded location and dense forest cover. Today, the pass is a destination for cyclists and hikers, immersed in an unspoiled mountain landscape of beech and fir forests and highland meadows, at the gateway to the Aveto Regional Natural Park.

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This long stretch of the dirt road that goes from Perlezzi up towards the Aiona–Pratomollo Refuge offers wide panoramic views: from the Aveto Mountains to the sea, with Lake Giacopiane appearing between the mountains like one of those bodies of water in the nativity scene, reflected on silver paper. The surface is generally hard and compact, but in some short stretches the loose gravel can reduce grip, both uphill and downhill. The descent is pleasant and never too steep, while the climb requires a certain amount of effort: the difference in altitude is felt and the ascent is constant, with no flat stretches to recover. However, the effort is well rewarded by the increasingly spectacular views that open up as you climb higher.

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The chapel near the Aiona-Pratomollo Refuge, dedicated to the Fallen of the "Balconia", commemorates a tragic period of the Second World War. "Balconia" is not a place, but the symbolic name given to a series of ferocious Nazi-Fascist roundups and massacres that struck the Ligurian Apennines between 1944 and 1945. This mountain area, a true "balcony" over the valleys, was strategic for the Resistance. The harsh German and Fascist repression aimed to annihilate the partisans and terrorize the civilian population that supported them, causing countless victims. The term "Balconia" thus became the dramatic synthesis of those sacrifices, a way to give a collective name to the pain and heroism of those who fought for freedom in those heights. The chapel is a monument to the memory of all of them. A touch of life and care: at the bottom of the left wall, a small fountain offers refreshment (especially in the summer months) and allows you to water the flowering plants that adorn the chapel, with the bottles made available.

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Not far from the Aiona–Pratomollo Refuge, near the dirt road, you come across Pietra Borghese, a truly unique rocky outcrop. At first glance, it may seem like a simple dark mass that emerges from the pastures, but it is actually a very ancient rock, among the oldest in Italy: it is over two billion years old and actually comes from the Earth's mantle. Its composition, rich in magnetite, causes compasses to go crazy in the surrounding area, and it is not uncommon for its summit to be struck by lightning during storms. Some legends have also developed around this stone, including one that wants it to be a meteorite that fell from the sky. In reality, its true charm lies in its deep geological origin, which tells an ancient story linked to the birth of the Apennines and the disappearance of a prehistoric ocean.

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This intersection marks the point where the dirt road coming from Crosi joins the one that goes up from Perlezzi. There are in fact two dirt roads that, going up the valley, lead towards the Aiona-Pratomollo Refuge. The first, more direct, starts from the locality of Crosi and initially develops in the woods, to then cross the large pastures that cover the side of the mountain. It is a physically demanding climb, especially from a muscular point of view, but without significant technical difficulties, at least in dry conditions. The second, longer route, starts in the hamlet of Perlezzi. Although it has a lower average gradient - thanks to the greater length that allows for a better distribution of the difference in altitude - it is, in my opinion, more challenging due to the less compact ground in several central sections. This characteristic reduces grip, especially for those who do not have adequately knobby tires. On the descent, both dirt roads do not pose any particular technical problems, but it is advisable to pay attention along the Perlezzi route, precisely because of the poor compactness of the surface in some places.

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In the locality of Ferre, along a dirt bike path, there is an ancient medieval bridge, marked by special signs on site. Although it is in a state of abandonment and is almost completely covered by vegetation, its structure is still clearly visible. It is a single-arch bridge, with a central height of about 15 meters, still perfectly passable.

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Ref.Three Beech Trees

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Easy ascent to the top of Monte Penna. From Passo dell'Incisa, the A5 route winds through the beech forest, making it feasible even in the hot season. The slope is not slight (20-25%) but considering the limited distance it is feasible. We did this route with our 6-year-old daughter (already accustomed to mountain walks) without any particular effort. For children this is the path to take, the one that starts from Casermette del Monte Penna is not recommended due to the via ferrata which makes it decidedly less suitable. NOTE: Passo dell'Incisa can be reached by car by carefully following a dirt road (about 1.4 km from the junction on Strada Provinciale 75)

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Handsome

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Handsome

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Crossing point of the Alta Via dei Monti Liguri and starting point for excursions to the Penna and Aiona mountains. The history of this place seems to be linked to the Latin term "incido," which means "cut." It is said that the Romans, tired of the resistance of the Ligurian tribes, decided to cut down the Apennine forests to weaken them. The Ligurians were masters of guerrilla warfare, while the Romans preferred the open field, and the removal of trees would have facilitated their strategy.

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Crossing point of the Alta Via dei Monti Liguri.

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The CAI refuge (Class C) Beech of the three municipalities is located in the center of the Monte Penna forest, along the "Penna ring". To get the key, you must call the municipality of Bedonia. https://www.rifugiappennino.it/RifugioFaggioTreComuni

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Pietra Borghese is a real geological jewel and represents the most beautiful peridotite outcrop in the entire Apennines. Its shape and particular characteristics have fueled a series of legends over the centuries that make this rocky mass one of the most mysterious places in the entire Aveto Regional Natural Park.

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The Borghese Stone has a particular shape and structure that attracts lightning and resonates in a metallic way; in fact, it contains abundant magnetite that causes compasses to go crazy. Many legends circulate about its origin: among these, one that depicts it as a meteorite with an ever-burning fire inside and the home of a gigantic snake. In reality, it represents a true geological jewel: it is in fact an outcrop of peridotites. We are talking about lherzolitic peridotites (the name derives from the Lherz Massif, an Alpine peridotite complex in the French Pyrenees), rocks from the subcontinental mantle that progressively rose, surfacing on the bottom of an ancient ocean (the Ligurian-Piedmont Ocean) during the extensional processes that caused it to open. These rocks, radiometrically dated approximately 2.5 billion years, are among the oldest in Italy

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For the "downhill" enthusiasts, descending from the Bocco is pure pleasure .... but always with the necessary prudence and concentration!

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