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In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Fort Saint-Jean was owned by the French Army, which used it as a barracks and hospital for troops deployed in the African colonies. During the years when the French Foreign Legion was primarily stationed in North Africa (1830 to 1962), the fortress served as a final stop for Legion recruits destined for basic training in Algeria.

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During the French Revolution, in April 1790, Fort Saint-Jean was captured by a revolutionary mob, which beheaded the Chevalier de Beausse, commander of the royal garrison, after he refused to surrender the fortress. Subsequently, the fort was used as a prison, housing Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, and two of his sons. After the overthrow of Maximilien de Robespierre in 1794, around 100 Jacobin prisoners were massacred in the fortress.

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Fort Saint-Jean was built on a site previously occupied by the military branch of the Order of St. John, from which the new building takes its name. At the same time, Fort Saint-Nicolas was being built on the opposite side of the harbor. Louis XIV said of its construction: "We noticed that the people of Marseille are very fond of beautiful fortresses. We wanted to have one of our own at the entrance to this great harbor." In fact, the two new fortresses were built more in response to a local revolt against the governor than for the defense of the city. Their cannons faced inward toward the city, not outward toward the sea. Two earlier buildings were incorporated into the fort's structure: the 12th-century Commandery of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, which served as a monastic hospital during the Crusades, and the 15th-century Tower of René I, Count of Provence.

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Fort Saint-Jean is a fort in Marseille, built in 1660 under Louis XIV at the entrance to the Old Port. Since 2013, it has been connected by two footbridges to the historic Le Panier district and the Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilizations.

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The Bustling Heart of Marseille For 2,600 years, the historic port has been the bustling heart of the city. The Vieux-Port still stands where the ancient Greek market once stood. Today, it is one of Marseille's most popular neighborhoods.

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Around 620 to 600 BC, Greeks founded a permanently inhabited settlement (Apoikie) at this port thanks to a land donation from the Ligurian princes and called it Massalia (ancient Greek Мασσαλία, Latin Massilia), today's Marseille.

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In the 7th century BC, Greek sea traders from Phocaea in Asia Minor regularly visited the southern coast of France near the mouth of the Rhone to trade with the Ligurian tribes. Tin, a component of bronze, was particularly sought after by the Greeks. In return, fine pottery and jewelry found their way into the homes of local princes. Sheltered landing sites were rare on the rugged and rocky coast, so they headed for the natural harbor of present-day Marseille, where the galleys were protected from wind and waves.

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According to ancient legend, the city was founded when Greek sailors from Phocaea explored the Mediterranean coast. They landed on the shores of present-day Marseille on the day a Celtic king named Nann was seeking a husband for his daughter Gyptis. Gyptis was to offer a chalice to the chosen young man among the assembled men, whom she wished to marry. Surprisingly, it was Protis, the leader of the newcomers, to whom she handed the vessel. The two married, and Greeks and Celts jointly founded the settlement of Massalia.

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