周辺の天然記念物・トップ11

Peña Bermeja is a good geological observation point to appreciate the reliefs that have developed through river erosion over the last thirty million years, after the withdrawal of the immense sea that covered the entire territory. The cliffs of Peña Bermeja are common formations on the highest edges of the valleys, appearing in the limestones of the moorland that occupy the stratum located between the high plains and the slopes of impermeable marl and gypsum that fall towards the plain. In many places these limestone walls have been used to exploit stone quarries.

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The caves of the primitive Carpetanian settlement of Caraca are a window in time, from the first Carpetanian inhabitants to the present day, representing the different cultures that have populated the Tajuña valley over time. The current state shows the deterioration typical of a hillside made of marl and gypsum that is brittle and easily eroded. In the time of the Carpetanians, it was a troglodyte settlement with interior passages that connected different galleries, had water channels, warehouses and houses protected from intruders at a certain height from the ground, accessed by ladders and ropes. In the middle of the last century, the Risco de las Cuevas was the setting for several films.

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Vaciabotas Dam This is the dam or weir where the Caz del Molino takes its water from the Tajuña River. It is also known as the Azud del Molino and is one of the irrigation channels of the Madrid plain. The dam's waterfall is next to the old Molino Nuevo or Molino de la Isla, which is privately owned and documented in the Topographic Relations of Felipe II. The riverbank is a cool environment of giant trees and riverside vegetation. The irrigation channel and the course of the Tajuña are separated by the dam and until they meet again at the Puente del Palo they form the island that gives the place its name. In the area of Tielmes there are the Presón weirs, the Presa del Marqués and the Cantarranas Molino waterfall, all of Islamic origin.

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The geodetic vertex of Mount Quiebrahilos is at an altitude of 813 metres, it is one of the highest hills in the municipality of Valdaracete with Mount Valdelasierpe (815 m). The views of the sea of olive trees and the cultivated fields are extraordinary. The elevation is surrounded by a dense belt of holm oaks and next to it are the facilities of a Canal de Isabel II reservoir.

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The Valdemembrillo stream rises southwest of Campo Real and flows down towards the great Jarama plain between hills of clay and conglomerates stripped by the river currents. The valley is an important forest reserve of riparian groves of poplars, cottonwoods, elms, ash trees and willows, which are the species best adapted to seasonal floods.

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