エストレメラの天然記念物・トップ5

The Cueva de la Sima is an old quarry of gypsum and building materials that was sometimes used by shepherds as a cattle corral. The place is a circular pit about fifteen metres deep, with a small shelter on one side, and should not be confused with the nearby Cueva de Pedro Fernández or Sima de las Yeseras, a gallery of several kilometres with remains from the Manchego Bronze Age that is closed to the public.

The Tajo River basin in the province of Madrid is a basin of limestone, gypsum, marl and sandstone sediments. The limestone is hard and has resisted erosion over time, forming large plateaus and agricultural wastelands known as alcarrias. On the other hand, the gypsum and marl are much softer materials and environmental precipitation has created a curious landscape of slopes, cliffs and test hills that precipitate dissolved salts to the bottom of the plains, determining the reliefs, textures and highly specialised plant species, with numerous peninsular endemic species.

The Robledal de Brea is a valuable ecosystem of holm oak forests from La Mancha, with holm oaks, gall oaks and oaks with centuries-old specimens and great environmental quality due to their good state of conservation. At the entrance to the Monte is the Quegijo del Rebledal, tree number 315 in the catalogue of Singular Trees of the Community of Madrid, it is twenty metres high, three metres in circumference and has an estimated age of two hundred years.

Peña Bermeja is a good geological observation point to appreciate the reliefs that have developed through river erosion over the last thirty million years, after the withdrawal of the immense sea that covered the entire territory. The cliffs of Peña Bermeja are common formations on the highest edges of the valleys, appearing in the limestones of the moorland that occupy the stratum located between the high plains and the slopes of impermeable marl and gypsum that fall towards the plain. In many places these limestone walls have been used to exploit stone quarries.

The geodetic vertex of Mount Quiebrahilos is at an altitude of 813 metres, it is one of the highest hills in the municipality of Valdaracete with Mount Valdelasierpe (815 m). The views of the sea of olive trees and the cultivated fields are extraordinary. The elevation is surrounded by a dense belt of holm oaks and next to it are the facilities of a Canal de Isabel II reservoir.