ペロポネソス半島の洞窟・トップ20

マニの文化について informs する、やりがいのある「シンプルな博物館」。アンサンブル全体への入場料（ステータスによる）3〜5ユーロ

Monemvasia was an important base and fortress in the Byzantine Empire. Until Greek independence in 1821–30, it was considered the Gibraltar of the East due to the great difficulties associated with attempts at conquest. In its heyday, between 10,000 and 25,000 people lived here. From 1715 onwards, population decline began, and it became a dying village. By 1971, there were only 32 inhabitants.

"In the heart of the Peloponnese, west of Sparta, lies Mystras. Its history began with the construction of a hilltop fort by the Frankish crusader Guillaume de Villehardouin in the 13th century. But Frankish rule did not last long: Byzantium reconquered its provinces. Mystras became a Byzantine city, signifying the unity of church and state. It is therefore not surprising that numerous churches and chapels were built and monasteries founded. The best artists from Constantinople, 1,000 km away, came to work in this center of Byzantine intellectual life." =>> https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/schaetze-der-welt/mystras-griechenland-folge-41/3sat/Y3JpZDovL3N3ci5kZS9hZXgvbzEwNDIwODk

(2/2) Shortly after its construction, the fortress was reinforced with an angular fort called Scarpon. The New Fortress played an important role during the last Ottoman siege in 1716, during which military operations were concentrated on the western front of the city. Under British protection (1814–1864), several modifications were made to the fortress, as it was considered particularly important for the defense of the island. The most important was the construction of the imposing defensive barracks, which dominate the upper level of the fortress and were substantially redesigned at that time. A second barracks from the time of British protection (which now houses Corfu's naval base) has been preserved on the lower level of the fortress, along with gunpowder magazines, underground water tanks, and a network of tunnels for communication between the various parts.

(1/2) The New Fortress, an excellent example of a late Renaissance fortification, was built during Venetian rule (1576–1578) at the northwestern end of Corfu Town on the rocky hill of St. Mark's. It is part of the fortification complex, a project entrusted to the engineer Ferdinardo (Ferrante) Vitelli. The name "New" served to distinguish it from the existing fortification to the east of the town, which has since been called the "Old Fortress." The New Fortress, like the entire western front, adheres to the principles of the bastion system. It consists of two fortification levels. The low level is located to the northeast and protected the commercial port of Spilia. It has two monumental gates. The eastern gate is crowned with the winged Lion of St. Mark, the symbol of the Serenissima, the Republic of Venice. The high level, with the two bastions of the Seven Winds (Sette Venti), protected the town from the west, from the landward side.

Unbelievable how extensive the fortress is

Mystra lies next to Sparta. There are no historical buildings from antiquity in Sparta itself, as the Spartans built and left behind no buildings worth seeing. In Sparta, everything revolved around training warriors as functionally as possible: Spartan, in other words: The historical buildings in Mystra date back to the Middle Ages. In the 13th century, Crusaders built a castle. Subsequently, it became the residence of Byzantine princes who ruled over parts of the Peloponnese. Around 1700, 40,000 people lived here. The monastery is still inhabited by nuns.

The castle is currently being renovated. There were hard-working workers there.