The d’Alviano family, also known as Liviani, was one of the most important noble dynasties of Umbria, whose name derives from the castle of Alviano, of which they were feudal lords since the Middle Ages. The origins of the lineage date back to Count Offredo, who in the 10th century obtained the imperial investiture and built the first fortress on a hill overlooking the Tiber valley. Over the centuries, the family consolidated its power over Alviano and other fiefdoms, such as Riofreddo, becoming a protagonist of the political and military events of the region. The maximum splendor of the lineage was reached with Bartolomeo d’Alviano (1455-1515), a famous Renaissance leader, captain of fortune and military engineer. Bartolomeo was the protagonist of important battles in the service of various Italian and European states, including the victory on the Garigliano for Spain, the defense of Bracciano for the Orsini, and participation in the battle of Marignano for France and Venice. In addition to his military exploits, he was also responsible for the radical renovation of the castle of Alviano, transforming it into a refined Renaissance fortified residence. The d'Alviano family died out in 1537 with the death of Livio Attilio, son of Bartolomeo, and the fiefdom passed in the following decades to important families such as the Cesi, the Farnese and finally the Pamphili. The castle of Alviano, today the seat of the town hall and museums, remains a symbol of the power and prestige of this family, which was able to intertwine its history with that of the great Italian dynasties and the crucial events of Renaissance Italy.