The montado is one of the most emblematic landscapes in Portugal, especially in the Alentejo. It is a unique ecosystem, created by man, characteristic of the Alentejo. These are forests of holm oaks, cork oaks, oaks and chestnut trees, with a very delicate balance and which only exist in the Mediterranean, Algeria, Morocco and especially in the south of the Iberian Peninsula.
This multifunctional system has trees as its structural component, with two species of oak standing out: the cork oak and the holm oak. It is around them that this semi-natural ecosystem with high levels of diversity develops.
Livestock production in the Alentejo montado is very important, both at the farm level and on a regional scale. It is based on the silvo-pastoral system, with direct use of natural food resources by native breeds. The Alentejo Black Pig has a diet that consists of an extensive grazing regime in fields, in montados of holm oaks and cork oaks.
The fruits of the trees are the main food resource of the montados. In the montados with holm oak, the holm oak dominates, producing acorns, in the montados with cork oak, producing slurry, and in the mixed montados, both species exist. Acorns and slurry are the fundamental energy source for finishing the Alentejo pig.