Groningen people pronounce the name Appelbergen with the emphasis on the è, so like the word appel, in the legal/military sense. Originally, the name was pronounced with an emphasis on the a, so as the word apple (= fruit), where apple refers to pine cones. These apples used to be used as fuel for cooking and heating. The shift in sound is the result of the forest being used as a training ground for years. The pronunciation, intended as a joke, has become so common that many Groningen residents correct those who pronounce the name “incorrectly”. The name explanation, which goes back to 1672, is perhaps the nicest. In that year, France, England, the Bishop of Cologne and the Prince Bishop of Münster, Berend van Galen (Bommen Berend), jointly declared war on the Republic of the Netherlands. In the Northern Netherlands, mainly troops from Münster and Cologne performed. In July 1672, the invading troops captured a number of East Groningen forts. The Bourtange fortress held up well and remained intact. The attackers moved around it, but had to make a long detour because all the low lands were flooded. The only dry route for men, horsemen and artillery of the German troops ran across the Hondsrug. The armies of Bommen Berend (24,000 men) bivouacked around the current Appèlbergen. According to legend, thousands of soldiers stood at roll call here between the shifting sand hills every morning!