The number 1557 – visible on the church's archway – is a date in the church's construction history: the church is said to have been completed around 1558. Many alterations had been made to the church up to that point. Around 1580, a new nave with a large choir was added to the existing choir loft, and the former south side of the nave was moved further south (to the present-day location in front of St. Michael's Church). In 1591, a passageway was created between the old and new choirs. The archway from the choir area into the sacristy bears this inscription. The dates 1611 at the top of the central church door and 1614 next to it on the stair tower testify to further construction on the church. It received a gallery.
During the Thirty Years' War on October 18, 1634, imperial troops set fire to the entirety of Asperg. The church was not spared either – it burned down, and the roof also caught fire. Reconstruction began in 1647. The local carpenter Geißel built the magnificent gallery. The year 1647 can be read in the carvings of the west gallery. To save the bell tower from complete decay, the Aspergers were allowed to fell 35 oak trees in the Osterholz forest in 1655. Numerous renovations and modernization projects took place over the next few centuries. The church was painted around the 1670s. Only three pictures on the north side were restored in 1959/60. They depict the Grabbing of Thorns by Christ, alongside Ecce Homo, the Entombment, and the Resurrection. The pulpit was built towards the end of the 17th century. The Baroque stucco pulpit is depicted as being carried by Moses with the Tablets of the Law. The pulpit itself is decorated with the four evangelists. The pulpit lid is crowned by the Archangel Michael and shows him piercing the dragon (evil) with his lance.