Çeşme Castle was built in 1508, during the reign of Sultan Bayezid II, by the Governor of Aydın, Mir Haydar, to the architect Ahmet son Mehmet. The castle, which was built with 4 bastions made of cut stone, was on the seaside when it was first built, but as a result of the filling of the sea, its present location has remained far from the sea. Evliya Çelebi gives information about the physical condition, size, architecture and houses in the castle.
Destroyed in the 17th century during naval battles and restored in the 18th century, the construction inscription of Çeşme Castle has survived to the present day. Çeşme Archeology Museum is located inside the restored castle. The museum was opened for the first time in 1965 as a weapon museum with weapons brought from the Topkapi Museum in Istanbul and continued as such until 1984. Since the weapons in the museum started to oxidize and deteriorate due to the excessive humidity in the hall, they were transferred to Izmir Archeology Museum and Ödemiş Museum. In the same exhibition hall, artifacts from the rescue excavations in the ancient city of Erythrai in Ildırı, which have been ongoing since 1964, are exhibited.
Çeşme Castle was included on the Tentative List of World Heritage Sites by UNECSO in 2020.