The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Company established its Nagasaki Branch in 1896. The present building was designed by Kikutaro Shimoda and completed in 1904 as the new office building of the Nagasaki Branch. After the closure of the Nagasaki Branch in 1931, the building was utilized for other purposes, becoming a police station and later a museum.
Upon request from the citizens of Nagasaki, the building underwent restoration work and reopened in 1996 as the Former Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Nagasaki Branch Museum. Following renovations, the museum reopened in April 2014 as a joint facility incorporating the Nagasaki Museum of Modern-Era Exchange, Sun Yat-sen & Umeya Shokichi.