The Polish Theater is located in a modernist building built around 1920 by Szczecin Freemasons for the Masonic lodge Pod Trzema Cyrklami. The author of the first reconstruction of the building (1926) and its present appearance was Adolf Thesmacher, an outstanding architect from Szczecin. In the years 1935-1937 the interior of the building was rebuilt again. This time it was designed by architect Gustav Gauss. Until 1945, the building housed the headquarters of the female branch of the National Socialist party organization (Gaufrauenschaftshaus).
After the war, the building housed the "Bałtyk" cinema, which operated until mid-1946. It was the second cinema in Polish Szczecin (Polonia had been opened earlier). In addition, concerts and boxing matches were held in this room. In June 1946, at the initiative of the actor and director Stanisław Czapelski, the building with a seven hundred audience was adapted to theatrical needs. The building performs this function to this day. In the years 1948, 1952, 1977 and 2008, the building was rebuilt, increasing the standard of the audience and facilities. In July 1952, the last 10 rows were removed from where visibility was poor. At the expense of reducing the number of seats in the audience to 400, the acoustics of the hall and the safety of the audience were also improved. Currently, there are three stages in the building: Big Scena (319 seats), Mała Scena (120) and the Black Cat the Red cabaret (80).
In 2011, the Marshal of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship decided to extend the building from ul. Jana z Kolna (from the Oder side). During the reconstruction, all outbuildings that spoil the body of the building will be removed. In addition to the existing stages, two new stages are currently being built, including a large one with balconies and an audience of 600-700 people, the so-called Shakespearean scene, with a round shape and an openwork and retractable roof. The auditoriums and the backstage will be located on the Oder escarpment. After the reconstruction, the volume of the building will increase to 20,000 square meters. m².