One of the most significant moments in the history of the Portbou border was during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the Second World War (1939-1945). During this period, many people crossed the border from Spain to France to escape the political persecution and repression of the Franco regime. It was also an escape point for Jewish refugees and others persecuted by the Nazi regime in Europe.
Today, the border between Portbou and Banyuls-sur-Mer is a quiet crossing point between Spain and France, and both places are popular tourist destinations on the Costa Brava.
The European community, especially through the European Union (EU), has had a significant impact on the borders between its member countries, including the border between Spain and France. The EU has made efforts to promote the free movement of people and goods within its territory, which has led to a number of changes to the internal borders of its Member States.
In the case of the border between Spain and France at Portbou and other crossing points, the entry of Spain into the European Economic Community (EEC), the precursor of the EU, in 1986, and the subsequent accession of both countries to the EU in 1986 and 1993, respectively, led to the elimination of many traditional border controls. This allowed for greater ease of movement for EU citizens and a more efficient flow of goods between the two countries.
The introduction of the Schengen Area also had a significant impact on the border between Spain and France. The Schengen Agreement, which came into force in 1995, eliminated border controls in the countries that are part of this agreement, which includes Spain and France. As a result, the border at Portbou and other crossing points became much more permeable, allowing the free movement of people within the Schengen Area.
In summary, the European community and European integration through the EU and the Schengen Area have had a significant impact on the border between Spain and France at Portbou, promoting free movement and cross-border cooperation.