The Abbey of Montecassino (also called Monte Cassino and Benedictine monastery of Monte Cassino; Latin Abbatia Territorialis Montis Cassini) is the mother monastery (Latin Archicoenobium Montis Casini; the Monte casino is the "mountain (above) Casino") of all Benedictines in the province of Frosinone in Italy. It was built by Benedict of Nursia in 529 on the site of an old temple to Apollo and has the rank of an archabbey. In addition, as a territorial abbey, it is assigned ecclesiastical territory, which, however, was restricted to the abbey area in 2014. The monastery complex is located on a 516 m high rocky hill in the urban area of Cassino (the Roman Casinum, later San Germano) between Rome and Naples. Montecassino is considered one of the most important spiritual centers of the Middle Ages and gained special scientific importance through great theologians (Petrus Diaconus), historians, physicians, exegetes and mathematicians (Pandulf). The monastery was completely destroyed by a United States Army Air Forces air raid in February 1944 during the Battle of Monte Cassino. Many art treasures had previously been saved by the Wehrmacht in the Vatican State. After the war, the monastery was rebuilt in ten years on the basis of the old building plans that were also saved.