It is one of the most beautiful squares in Spain, built in the Baroque style (18th century). It houses the Town Hall. The promoter of this project was Rodrigo Caballero de Llanes, the mayor, who obtained permission from King Philip V, but not funding; therefore, its construction was paid for with contributions from citizens and the city treasury.
The main architect was Alberto Churriguera, who was in charge of the works from 1729 to 1735, constructing the Royal Pavilion and the San Martín Pavilion. In 1750, the second phase of construction began under Andrés García de Quiñones, who built the rest of the square and the Town Hall Pavilion. It was completed in 1755.
Decorative elements include the medallions, which review the history of Spain through its kings, heroes, sages, and saints. On the Royal Pavilion side, figures from Alfonso XI to Ferdinand VI are depicted. On the side of the San Martín Pavilion (opposite the Town Hall), the great warriors, discoverers, and conquerors of Spanish history are represented. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, new medallions were placed with figures associated with Salamanca, such as Saint Teresa of Jesus and Miguel de Cervantes.
In front of each window, there is a balcony with iron bars, serving as a viewing platform for the events taking place in the square. The most important religious, civil, and recreational activities of the city were held in the square: bullfights, processions, and even executions.
Today, it is the nerve center of the city, with numerous restaurants and cafes. At night, it is notable for its illumination, which adds to the beauty of the square.