Sulzbach Castle was located in the area of today's Upper and Lower Sulzbach Castle and the local St. Hedwig's Monastery as well as the oldest old town center of Sulzbach-Rosenberg.
In 1355 Sulzbach became the capital of the newly created territory of New Bohemia under Emperor Charles IV. At that time, the Sulzbach Castle must have been largely expanded in the form in which it can still be seen today in the floor plan. In 1395 Sulzbach was given to Count Palatine Ruprecht III. pledged; he built a larger amount of around 500 Hungarian guilders in the castle. In 1430 the Hussenturm was built to protect against the threat of the Hussite invasions. In 1582 Ottheinrich II moved into his residence. When Count Palatine August 1615 moved into the castle, he had the last major change carried out until the 19th century. The last duke of the Principality of Sulzbach was Charles IV. Theodor. In 1742, when he moved to Mannheim-Schwetzingen, he took the Sulzbach court library with him. The residence was given up in 1742 when Charles IV. Theodor became the heir of the Neuburg line. The castle served as the widow's residence for Count Palatine Franziska Dorothea until 1794. After the seat of government was given up (1791) and the last countess Palatine died, the castle fell into disrepair. In 1807 Johann Esaias von Seidel acquired the building and set up his publishing house. In addition to extensive renovations, he also had the overgrown Schlossberg cultivated.
From 1850 to 1963, the military, penal institutions for women and men, students from the Protestant girls 'college, the Army NCOs' pre-school XIII, the Potsdam military orphanage in Graz-Liebenau and the local history museum were housed in the castle.
Today there is the City Library, Städt. Singing and music school and the state building authority in the rooms of the castle.