The Rosenburg was part of the medieval Burgwartsystems of the archbishops of Magdeburg, which secured the border of the empire on the Saale and Elbe to the east under the Ottonians and also sought the subjugations of the East Elbe Slavic peoples and their Christianization.
Numerous literature provides information. It was built as Uferrandburg on an artificially heaped castle hill in the immediate vicinity of the Saale. The museum shows the ground plan of the castle reconstructed by Wäscher and the copy of a deed of donation by the Ottonians to the Archbishopric of Magdeburg with the name "Rosburg" from the year 965.
The castle is the last before the mouth of the Saale into the Elbe and was therefore strategically particularly significant. This is also indicated by their size, it has a wall and ditch diameter of 115m. The oldest surviving parts of the castle are the early twelfth-century double gate complex with the 16th century kennel, as well as the barrel and cross vaults of the castle cellars, also dating back to the 16th century. Numerous alterations and the establishment of a Renaissance Schlösschens inform the documents and blueprints of the Provincial Archives.
After the Thirty Years War, the military importance of the castle went back. Through sale it became the property of the Elector of Brandenburg and until 1936 Prussian domain, which was managed by various tenants and represented an important agricultural center of the region.
In the Third Reich, a camp with relief supplies for bombed cities was set up at the castle.
In April 1945, a fire destroyed parts of the tower and the mansion. Other buildings were cleared for demolition.