According to tradition, the sisters Harlindis and Relindis founded the Benedictine monastery Eike (or Aldeneik Monastery) around 730 on the domain of their father Adelard, near the Maas and not far from the abbey of Susteren, founded a few years earlier.
The Normans destroyed the women's monastery in the 9th century. The church was rebuilt in the third quarter of the 9th century. To prevent the abbey's goods from falling to local noblemen, Emperor Otto I donated the domain to the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. The prince-bishop founded a chapter of secular canons there around the middle of the 10th century. The still partly existing Romanesque church was built in the second half of the 12th century as a collegiate church. Next to it a smaller parish church was built, intended for the common people.
The Our Lady Chapter was moved to Maaseik at the beginning of the Eighty Years' War by order of the Prince Bishop of Liège. In 1571 the canons went in a solemn procession, taking with them the relics, to the St. Catherine's Church in Maaseik, which became the new collegiate church. The old collegiate church of Aldeneik was reduced in size and transformed into a parish church. The old parish church of Aldeneik, as well as the cloister and other chapter buildings, were demolished.
The oldest, largely original part of the former collegiate church is the central nave from the 12th century. The polygonal Gothic choir dates from the 13th or 14th century. The side aisles were probably rebuilt around 1850 by the Maaseik architect Adolph Leemans, after they had been demolished in the course of the 16th or 17th century, probably because the church had become too large due to its change of function. The westwork and the tower were also extensively restored in the 19th century, making it virtually impossible to determine what they looked like before.
Another important restoration was completed in 2010, during which the church furniture was also renewed.