마시올라‬에서 가장 멋진 ‪6‬개의 동굴

"Kaspar Stockalper (* 14 July 1609 in Brig; † 29 April 1691 ibid) was a Swiss entrepreneur and politician. He invested the large dowry that his fiancée Magdalena Zumbrunn brought into the marriage in the expansion of the mule track over the pass, today Via Stockalper. He also organised the transport of goods and people over the Simplon. He managed to keep the pass out of the chaos of war, he made himself useful to both sides and expanded his influence in the Valais. His second marriage - Magdalena Zumbrunn died after three years - to Cäcilia von Riedmatten consolidated his position. In addition to the monopoly on larch resin, tinder fungus and snails, which were particularly sought after in France, Stockalper secured the monopoly on the transport of goods over the Simplon and, as a crowning achievement in 1648, the salt monopoly. He continued to increase his wealth through speculation and trade. He ensured that his family became related to other influential Valais families, whom he helped to advance in their careers and thereby created dependencies. He distributed offices and money in a calculating manner. At the French court he exchanged mercenaries and loans for trading privileges, acquired the assets of insolvent debtors and maintained his own mines in which he mined iron, lead, copper and gold. Among other things, he owned the Gondo gold mine, the old hospice on the Simplon Pass and the Stockalper Tower in Gondo as well as other extensive properties from Milan to Lyon. The backbone of his power continued to be the Simplon Pass with its bridges, customs stations, warehouses, inns and the Stockalper Canal, which, however, was not destined for long-term success. His trading empire stretched from the Adriatic to the English Channel and from southern Spain to northern Germany." (Source: Wikipedia)

An interesting building from a trading empire of the Baroque period, which you should at least take a little time to see, despite the quick descent from the Simplon Pass: "The Stockalper Tower in Gondo in the canton of Valais in Switzerland was built between 1666 and 1685 by Kaspar von Stockalper. It stands at the entrance to the Gondo Gorge. The entire transport of goods by the muleteers, which developed on the Stockalper Trail between Valais and Italy, passed by the Stockalper Tower. The Stockalper Tower was a warehouse and transshipment point for the goods that Stockalper had transported in large quantities over the pass. The muleteers found accommodation and supplies in the tower. In later years the tower served as a workshop, shop and warehouse. During the Alpine flood disaster on October 14, 2000, about half of the tower was torn away by a landslide; 13 people lost their lives in Gondo. With the help of the Swiss population, various institutions and the Stockalper Tower Foundation, it was possible to repair the collapsed part. of the five-story Stockalper Tower and to renovate the entire building." (Source: Wikipedia)

The hill of Mattarella, south of Domodossola, rises on the plain of the Ossola Valley at an altitude of 413 metres. From the hill you can enjoy a splendid view of Domodossola and the mountains that frame the Ossola Valley around the city. Inhabited in ancient times, the hill probably takes its name from a pagan site for the Matrons, on which and around which a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary was later built. The hill of Mattarella was occupied by the military in the 7th century and housed a sprawling castle that was attacked and destroyed several times over the centuries. In 1014, Emperor Henry II transferred the castle to the church in Novara and the Bishop of Novara moved his palace and curia here. In 1312 the Visconti came to power in the Ossola Valley: the Mattarella Castle also became the property of the Duchy of Milan and retained its functions, especially the military ones, until 1415, when the Swiss, coming from the Alpine passes and wanting to conquer the Ossola Valley, practically demolished it completely, destroying the Bishop's Palace, the enclosure and the main towers. After these dramatic events, only a few traces of the old fortress remain today: the tower on the top of the mountain rises majestically above them. The long curtain wall is also well preserved. Unfortunately, only a few foundations remain of the rest of the castle, and especially of the sturdy towers at the entrance. Source: https://www.visitossola.it/de/poi/huegel-und-burg-mattarella-domodossola/ The cross on the tower was erected in modern times and can be clearly seen in Domodossola and the surrounding area.

The hill of Mattarella, south of Domodossola, rises on the plain of the Ossola Valley at an altitude of 413 metres. From the hill you can enjoy a splendid view of Domodossola and the mountains that frame the Ossola Valley around the city. Inhabited in ancient times, the hill probably takes its name from a pagan site for the Matrons, on which and around which a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary was later built. The hill of Mattarella was occupied by the military in the 7th century and housed a sprawling castle that was attacked and destroyed several times over the centuries. In 1014, Emperor Henry II transferred the castle to the church in Novara and the Bishop of Novara moved his palace and curia here. In 1312 the Visconti came to power in the Ossola Valley: the Mattarella Castle also became the property of the Duchy of Milan and retained its functions, especially the military ones, until 1415, when the Swiss, coming from the Alpine passes to conquer the Ossola Valley, practically demolished it completely, destroying the Bishop's Palace, the enclosure and the main towers. After these dramatic events, only a few traces of the old fortress remain today: the tower on the top of the mountain rises majestically above them. The long curtain wall is also well preserved. Unfortunately, only a few foundations remain of the rest of the castle, and especially of the sturdy towers at the entrance. Source: https://www.visitossola.it/de/poi/huegel-und-burg-mattarella-domodossola/

Beautiful and kept in excellent condition.

The castle of Vogogna was built by the Visconti of Milan in the 14th century on a pre-existing tower. In 1515 it was occupied and damaged by the Swiss, and at the end of the 18th century it became municipal property for use as a prison and home. It was restored in the 20th century and is now a historical monument.

Cross ✝️Mattarella Castle Tower🏰Sacred Mount Calvary⛰️

Mattarella Castle 🏰Side of the Sacred Mount Calvario⛰️Towards the Domodossola Valley🏘️