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Located near the village of Spina, the Rocca di Sant'Apollinare is a place rich in history and timeless images. Once a defensive fortress, it became a place of worship and production, and today it is immersed in a centuries-old olive grove. Getting there requires a bit of effort, but the reward is guaranteed.

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The Cassero di Porta di Sant'Angelo is one of the medieval gates of Perugia's walls, located in the Sant'Angelo district, at the end of Corso Garibaldi, adjacent to the Temple of Sant'Angelo. It's easy to reach by climbing through the streets of the university district.

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Montali Castle, located in the hills above Panicale, is a private manor surrounded by centuries-old olive groves. It retains a 12th-century tower and part of the original walls, offering a charming natural terrace with breathtaking views of Lake Trasimeno. Now a private residence, it offers 360° views that span from the Nestore Valley to the plains and the lake below.

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Antognolla Castle, located on the slopes of Monte Tezio and now part of an exclusive golf club, owes its name to the ancient Antognolla family of Perugia. First mentioned in 1174 for the presence of a Benedictine monastery, it became a fiefdom in 1399 at the behest of Pope Boniface IX. Over the following centuries, it was at the center of conflicts between noble families, until it passed to the Oddi family in 1628 and then to the Guglielmi family in 1836. After a period under the Agnelli family, it was recently restored to become a luxury resort.

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The Cassero di Porta di Sant'Angelo is one of the medieval gates of the city walls of Perugia. It can be seen in the Gonfalone della Giustizia, a painting by Perugino (1496–1498) kept in the National Gallery of Umbria.

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ARCHITECTURAL STRATIFICATIONS Visiting this area of the Rocca, where Via Bagliona meets the shorter Via alla Piazza Gran-de, the complex and fascinating interplay between the remains of the medieval quarter and the structures of the papal fortress can be seen more clearly. The limestone and travertine walls of the ground floor of the medieval buildings, the pointed arches of the entrances to houses and shops and the base of Gentile Ba-glioni's tower blend with the brick vaults that cover the streets and the great foundation columns of the fortress. The old buildings were gutted and the underground chambers of the Rocca Paolina made. The destruction of a large part of the city and the construction of the Rocca in its place was a tearing wound for Perugia, which thus lost the quarter with its most elegant houses and the church of Santa Maria dei Servi, which housed many tombs of noble families and remarkable works of art. The keystone of its entrance is still visible. One of the frescoes by Benedetto Bonfigli (second half of the 15th century) in the chapel of the Palazzo dei Priori (now part of the National Gallery of Umbria) represents precisely this area of the medieval city and remains the most important evidence of how it was before the construction of the fortress.

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ROCCA PAOLINA This underground structure, known as Rocca Paolina ("Pauline Fortress"), is the result of the building on buildings that took place in different eras. In the Middle Ages (12th-16th centuries) in this district stood the tower houses of some aristocratic Perugian families. In the 15th century the most important of these buildings belonged to the Baglioni family, the most powerful in Renaissance Perugia. In 1540, after the Salt War, which broke out following the rise in the price of salt and the refusal of Perugia to accept the rule of the Pope, Perugia lost its independence and was annexed to the Papal States. Pope Paul II had a fortress built to definitively subjugate the city and commissioned the architect Antonio da Sangallo the Younger to build it in this area, raising it above the medieval buildings. The fortress was called "Rocca Paolina" because Paul Ill ordered its construction. To speed up the works, which were completed in 1543, the fortress did not completely eliminate the existing buildings, but instead integrated them, preserving many parts (walls, corners, streets, arches), creating the effect of a practically unique underground city. The ancient road network, and in particular the long Via Bagliona that runs through the entire fortress, is still clearly visible today; in the Middle Ages these streets were of course open to the sky, and above the buildings rose tall towers, the instruments and symbols of power and prestige. Only one of the many towers that existed in the medieval city remains intact today in another area of the historic center, the Torre degli Sciri (or Torre degli Scalzi), but more or less considerable fragments can still be identified of about thirty of the forty towers remembered by tradition.

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From the Partigiani car park, the big surprise! Escalators take you back a thousand years. You enter a medieval landscape with buildings and narrow streets that are as intact as they were centuries ago.

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On 18 June 1983 the ribbon was cut on the first escalators in Perugia, which from Piazza Partigiani came out under the Palazzo della Provincia in Piazza Italia, in the heart of the acropolis. Crossing the underground streets of the Rocca Paolina.

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Beautiful city to visit

Sant'Apollinare belongs to the municipality of Marsciano and is a beautiful panoramic point over the Fersenone Valley. Designed as a military building, the castle, along with many others in Umbria, was part of a circle of castles built to defend the city of Perugia from the south side on the Byzantine walls. The origins of the Castle of San Apollinare probably date back to the 10th century.

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Sant'Apollinare belongs to the municipality of Marsciano and is a beautiful panoramic point over the Fersenone Valley. Designed as a military building, the castle, along with many others in Umbria, was part of a circle of castles built to defend the city of Perugia from the south side on the Byzantine walls. The origins of the Castle of San Apollinare probably date back to the 10th century.

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An entire district was filled up and destroyed for the Renaissance fortress of Pope Paul IIl. After the fortress was demolished in 1860, the sunken part of the city was uncovered and opened to the public. Using escalators, which lead through the imposing corridors and former street canyons, you can go from the lower town (there are many parking spaces here) up to the old town. But it is worth looking around the underground city and discovering a lot.

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Private castle, panorama on Trasimeno lake

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The Rocca Paolina is the Rocca Paolina!

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Built in 1479 as the end point of the second medieval city fortifications, the city gate stands for the heyday of Perugia, which came to an end shortly thereafter due to the incorporation of the city into the papal church states.

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The Rocca Paolina was a Renaissance fortress in Perugia, built between 1540 and 1543 for Pope Paul III. It was built according to designs by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger. A mysterious series of tunnels gives a premature glimpse of Perugia's nooks and crannies. The jumble of cobbled streets and arched stairwells is essentially all that remains of a once-imposing fortress. Today these arched foundations are part of a popular route that takes visitors from Piazza Partigiani into the city. Riding through the walls on the many escalators (scale mobili) is a typical urban experience. It feels like entering a lost world, with secret doors that reveal one shop or another for art exhibitions.

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the Cassero di Porta Sant'Angelo is a really impressive city gate just below the church of San Michele Arcangelo. Definitely worth walking the route out of the city, taking the VIA ACQVEDOTTO that directly connects the center of Perugia with this part of the city.

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To enter, ask for permission from the owners.

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Antognolla Castle stands majestically and is part of the eponymous Golf Club. Antognolla Castle, located on the northern slopes of Monte Tezio, owes its name to one of Perugia's oldest and most noble families, the Antognolla or Antognolli, who lived near Porta Santa Susanna since the 12th century. The castle's construction date is unknown. The first records of the site date back to 1174, when a Benedictine monastery dedicated to Saint Peter was recorded, of which only the crypt dedicated to Saint Agatha remains today. A milestone in the castle's history is the papal bull of 1399 with which Pope Boniface IX elevated the so-called County of Antognolla to a fiefdom, granting it to Roger of Antognolla and his heirs for services rendered to the Holy See. Between the 15th and 16th centuries, During the 16th century, the castle became the scene of clashes, sieges, plots, and struggles for supremacy between noble families of Perugia. In 1480, the castle was taken by the Baglioni family, who had recently become lords of Perugia, due to Niccolò di Antognolla's opposition to them. As a result, Bernardino and Ieronimo Antognolla actively participated in the massacre of the Baglioni family, which occurred in the early 16th century. One was beheaded and the other exiled until 1523. The Antognollas remained the owners of the castle until 1605. In 1628, the nobleman Cornelio Oddi purchased the castle and the entire county of Antognolla from Berardino, Cesare, Nicolò, and Fermo Antognolla, to turn it into a place of rest and relaxation. The Oddis owned the castle until 1836, when Marquis Giovanni Battista Guglielmi purchased it and renovated the structure to convert it into a farm as well as a holiday resort. In 1921, the Guglielmis sold the property to the IFI (Istituto Finanziario Industriale) company, owned by the Agnelli family. In recent years, the castle has been restored and transformed into a luxury hotel.

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