가장 멋진 동굴 20곳

The old tunnels in the Hunsrück make the region an important habitat for various species of bats. Here you'll find one of these tunnels, which can be lit outside of hibernation times so you can take a look inside.

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I could have explored the right aisle with rubber boots 😕

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The path leads through two consecutive rock breakthroughs. But be careful, the headroom is very limited.

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It is actually surprising that the topic of "dry wall" is the subject of an information board, while a little off the hiking trail at the end of a path a tunnel opens up that leads to a widely branched mine. In addition to protecting the bats, this may also be the reason why a grid prevents further access after about 10 meters. From here, however, you can already see numerous tunnels leading downwards, upwards and to the side, which are only poorly secured or not secured at all, so that one can quickly sink into the bottomless holes filled with water. Exploration would be exciting but potentially very dangerous. The wood found in the Bierfinckgraben mine allows the mining activity to be dated to three periods around 1500, around 1700 and 1750. Literature: Tree ring chronological key data on the mining history of the Hunsrück By Mechthild Neyses-Eiden https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/fuabt/article/view/54645/55623

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https://www.museumsportal-rlp.de/museen/visitorbergwerk-grube-herrenberg Due to a rockfall in February 2022, the mine is closed indefinitely

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The highlight is twofold.

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The lighting is disconnected from mid-October to mid-April so that the bats can hibernate in peace.

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Roof slate The roofing slate deposits of the Hunsrück date back to the Lower Devonian period around 400 million years ago. They were formed from clayey marine deposits, which later solidified into layered claystones and were "slated" during the folding of the Rhenish Slate Mountains. Foliation is a consequence of the directed pressure in the earth's crust during mountain formation, during which the mineral components of the claystones align in parallel and partially reform. Roof slate is the name given to clay slate in which the layering of the claystone and the foliation run parallel. This makes it possible to split large and thin plates. The Hunsrück slate, which is characterized by its uniform gray-black color, weather resistance and easy splitting, is one of the best varieties of German roofing slate deposits.

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Roofing slate mine - long tradition There are three roofing slate ranges in Rhineland-Palatinate. The camps previously mined in the region at Wirschweiler, Sıesbach, Sensweiler, Kirschweiler, Breitenthal, Kempfeld, Sonnschied, Wickenrodt, Mörschied, Wörresbach and the important Bundenbach mines between Rhauer and Bruschied were all on the southern Birkenfeld -Binger train. It runs from the northwestern foothills of the Hochwald along the eastern slope of the Idarwald to the Rhine and beyond. The extraction of roofing slate in Rhineland-Palatinate has been proven to date back to Roman times. Corresponding finds were made in the Mayen area. However, the beginnings of roofing slate mining in the Hunsrück can only be determined imprecisely. In 1482, the mayor of Herrstein was issued a letter of inheritance in which he was promised the use of "Leiengruben" in return for tithing. Helbach reported around 1600 that the slate was sent to other landscapes. However, the rock certainly only acquired particular economic importance when it was... had begun to prepare it for roofing. Instead of the low straw and shingle roof, the steep slate roof took place. This progress in house construction was achieved only hesitantly in the 18th century through regulations against the fire-hazardous straw roofs. In the Oberstein rule this took place in 1719, while in the Birkenfeld offices and Allenbach, the strict ban on straw roofs and wooden chimney stones was pronounced in 1778. In 1855, however, more than half of the houses were still covered with straw. Today, the settlement landscape in the Hunsrück is largely characterized by the blue-gray slate roofs of the villages, although roof slate mining is still in progress Rhineland-Palatinate is now almost completely closed. In 2003, underground extraction only took place in the Eıfei near Mayen and in the Hunsrück near Altlay. The cost-effective processing of imported slate, particularly from Spain, has eliminated many mines for reasons of profitability

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Old Tunnels as Homes for Bats Underground cavities are of great importance to our native bats. Of the 20 bat species recorded in Rhineland-Palatinate, 14 regularly use old tunnels, caves, or cellars. Hibernation - 5 Months on Low Energy As pure insectivores, bats find little food in winter. To escape food shortages and the cold, they hibernate. All bodily functions are severely reduced, with their body temperature dropping from 37 to as low as 3°C. Their heart beats only about 10-20 times per minute, compared to the over 400 beats per minute when awake. The fat stores they accumulate in the fall must last until spring. If the animals are disturbed and awakened, they are often doomed to death. Therefore, the tunnels and holes are often barred to protect the animals sleeping there. Late Summer Activity But the old mining relics don't just serve as winter quarters: In late summer and autumn, many bats use old tunnels as courtship and rendezvous sites. Several hundred individuals can be observed swarming in front of the tunnels every evening. This swarming also serves to establish and maintain traditions. Therefore, old tunnels are particularly important for the conservation of endangered species. The Hunsrück and its bats The following species have been recorded in the old mines of the Hunsrück by the Rhineland-Palatinate Bat Conservation Working Group: Greater Whiskered Bat Lesser Whiskered Bat Lace-Eared Bat Natterjack Bat Daubenton's Bat Bechstein's Bat Brown Long-eared Bat Gray Long-eared Bat Northern Bat Barbastelle Bat Pygmy Bat Greater Hoofed Bat Pontivated Pond Bat The large number of abandoned slate mines, in particular, makes the Hunsrück an important habitat for bats in Germany.

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The show mine, uncovered and made accessible in 1975 by the Association for Fossil Friends. In 1988 it was structurally modified so that wheelchair users can easily visit the mine. The historic Herrenberg slate mine is an unusual attraction on the “Hunsrück Slate and Castle Road”. It impressively conveys to the visitor the work of the miner and opens up the world of fossils from ancient times. Mines and widenings inside the mountain lie one above the other like terraces. Fantastic quartz veins alternating with gray-blue slate rock create images of unusual rarity and structure - abstract art of nature. Shiny gold pyrites in the walls and stalactites that have formed on the ridges impress with their genuine beauty and naturalness. Hand-picked tunnels and quarries testify to medieval mining skills, old documents report digging in the 16th century, but there are reasonable signs pointing to slate mining from the Roman era. Fossils, those relics from unimaginably distant geological ages, indicate life around 350 million years ago. Many revealing fossil discoveries have been recovered to this day and are represented in well-known museums around the world. The Bundenbach Fossil Museum is right next door.

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Nice tunnels, but from about 1.75 please keep your head down ;-)

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We were out of season, so we couldn't see the inside of the visitor mine.

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Caution, bow your head when you go through this rock tunnel. One of the many nice changes on this dreamlike dream loop.

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Attention: if you want to visit the Celtic settlement a little above, you have to buy tickets here.

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Very interesting, you can also look into the cave and go, illuminated

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Big people better pull their heads!

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Part of a beautiful dream loop and really fun to cross.

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If the child wakes up in a man, we are not all speleologists. This dream bow is rightly named.

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From 15.04. - 15.10. Every year, a lamp in the cave can be turned on to illuminate it.

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