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La Rocca Pia is an imposing 15th-century fortress located in the very historic center of Tivoli, in Lazio. Built starting in July 1461 by order of Pope Pius II Piccolomini (from whom it takes its name), the fortress was created with the dual objective of militarily controlling the strategic access routes to the city and reaffirming papal authority over the citizenry after long periods of unrest and internal clashes, particularly between the Guelphs and Ghibellines factions and the powerful Colonna and Orsini families. The project, completed under the pontificate of Pope Alexander VI, is traditionally attributed by the only historical source (Vasari) to Filarete and his disciples.

Castel Sant'Angelo and the evocative Ponte Sant'Angelo form one of Rome's most fascinating and historically rich monumental complexes. Originally built in the 2nd century AD as a mausoleum for Emperor Hadrian, the castle has over the centuries been an impregnable fortress, a secure papal refuge (connected to the Vatican via the famous Passetto di Borgo), and even a prison of the Papal States, before becoming today's national museum.

Aeliusbrücke

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Vicolo Barchetto, 00019 Tivoli RM, Italy

Tivoli's Rocca Pia, an imposing Renaissance fortress located in the city center, was built by Pope Pius II Piccolomini starting in 1461 to defend the city and control the population. The structure is characterized by four large circular towers of varying heights, connected by high crenellated walls. Over the course of its history, the Rocca has alternated defensive functions with those of a papal barracks and, for a long time, a prison until 1960. It is currently a tourist attraction located near Piazza Garibaldi and the Bleso amphitheater. WEBSITE: https://visittivoli.it/sito-turistico/rocca-pia/

Can only be viewed from the outside

This fortress, located directly on the harbor, is a 16th-century landmark. It can only be viewed from the outside. The fortress has been involved in numerous battles. It suffered severe damage during World War II but was later restored. It currently serves as the headquarters of the harbor authority. The fortress itself was completed in 1535. Its floor plan is rectangular, with sides measuring 100 by 82 meters. There are circular towers at the corners.