Rothenburg is a municipality in the constituency Hochdorf of the Swiss
Canton of Lucerne.
The municipality is part of the agglomeration of the city of Lucerne and west of the A2 for the most part industrial area. The southern boundary of the municipality to Emmen runs along the Hellbühler Rotbachs for a few kilometers, from there to the Rothenburgerwald and along the Rütibächli, which opens from the left into the Waldibach. This forms in a left loop the east and north border to the castle forest, whose southern part belongs to Rothenburg. In this forest, the municipal boundary leads to the north, but still turns west there to Sandblattenwald southwest of Rain. Then it goes southwest back to the industrial area on the A2.
At the municipal border to Neuenkirch in the northwest lies the Bertiswilerwald.
The municipality consists of the village north of the Hellbühler Rotbachs and the opening into it Butzibachs with different quarters. The largest of these is Bertiswil. In addition to the area west of the A2, there are only groups of houses and individual farms.
Of the municipal area of 1552 ha, more than two thirds (67.8%) are used for agriculture. One sixth (16.6%) is covered by forest and woodland and 15.5% is settlement area.
Rothenburg borders Emmen, Eschenbach LU, Neuenkirch and Rain.
The first indirect mention was the community around 1130, as a document in a Walther von Rodemburg appears. The barons of Rothenburg were one of the most powerful and belligerent families in the region and maintained intensive hostility to Lucerne.