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クリミア共和国

Mangup Kale / マングプ

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Mangup Kale / マングプ

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Mangup Kale / マングプ

Name: Mangup Kale / マングプ
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場所：クリミア共和国, ウクライナ

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3月 15, 2022

Mangup (Ukrainian: Мангуп, Krm. Mangup, Russian: Мангуп) - a medieval fortress city in the western part of Crimea, Ukraine, near Bakhchisaraj.
It was the largest rock city of Crimea, it occupied 90 hectares. They were built on a plateau, bounded on three sides by cliffs 70 m high, and on the fourth side by three deep ravines. It is located at an altitude of 584 m above sea level.
In the beginning, Mangup was called Doros, and in the 14th - 15th centuries - Teodoro.
Founded at the end of the 6th century C.E. as a fortress of the Byzantine Empire, in place of those existing from the 3rd century AD unofficial villages. It was then that a large basilica was built. In the 80s of the 7th century CE occupied by the Khazars, who lost the city to the Byzantines in the middle of the 9th century. From the end of the 10th century to the middle of the 14th century, the city deteriorated considerably and did not play a major role. In the mid-fourteenth century, it became the capital of the state of Teodoro and its lush development begins, manifested, among others, by the construction of a large number of representative and military buildings. After the city was captured and plundered at the end of the 14th century by Timur's army, the city was quickly rebuilt in the 20s of the 15th century, then a second defensive wall was built, and the citadel, basilica, and the palace of the rulers of Teodoro were renovated and enlarged. Conquered by the Turks in 1475 and transformed into a Turkish fortress, it gradually declines. At the end of the 16th century, Orthodox Christians leave Mangup, and only the Turkish garrison and the large Karaite community remain. In 1792, the city was abandoned by the Karaims due to the liquidation of the Turkish garrison and has remained in ruins ever since.
The main monuments of Mangupu are:
- defensive wall from the 6th century CE, rebuilt and extended many times
- the ruins of the largest Christian basilica in the mountainous Crimea, built in the 6th century AD, existing until the 16th century
- ruins of the palace of the rulers of the Teodoro state from the 15th century AD
- ruins of a citadel built in the 14th-15th centuries
- rock monastery from the 15th century
- Karaim cemetery from the 15th - 18th centuries
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangup
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangup

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