Continued:
The earthworks would have served as a prehistoric defense line or as a rampart for the nearby Iron Age urn fields. However, recent archaeological research has shown that the landgrave most likely dates from the second half of the 14th century. At that time, the landgrave was located on the edge of the Land van Valkenburg. When Jan van Valkenburg died without a successor in 1352, this important territory fell into the hands of the Duke of Brabant. He likely built the landgrave to protect against aggression from his arch-enemies, the Dukes of Guelders and Jülich.
Thanks to archaeological research, we know that during its functional years, the landgrave consisted of a pointed ditch, with an average depth of 2.2 meters and a width of 6.4 meters. Ramparts were built on either side of the ditch using the displaced earth, resulting in a total width of approximately 20 to 22 meters. On top of the ramparts, impenetrable hedges of thorny shrubs have been planted and interwoven. Attempts to penetrate them may be discouraged by tripping holes and other obstacles.
On higher ground, watchtowers stand, providing a view of the entire surrounding area. This allows the alarm to be raised in time by means of fire signals. The Lichtenberg neighborhood, situated on a hill, may still owe its name to such a tower. This system allows local rulers to mobilize their troops in time to combat attackers. For the local population, the landgraaf also serves as an ideal cattle barrier and protection against roving bands of robbers and predators.