The original Leeuwenstein was built in 1753, and was the country residence of lawyer Johan Hendrik van Heurn. After the death of her husband, Anna Römer initially rented out the house, but later moved in herself. After her death, her granddaughter Anna Antonia Emilia van Heurn, who was married to Aldert van Galen, often stayed at the house. In 1826, the family moved permanently to Leeuwenstein. After Anna's death in 1855, the estate was sold publicly. In 1864, Johannes van Rijckevorsel and his wife Anna and their ten children moved into the house. After Johannes' death in 1894, Herman van Rijckevorsel became the new owner. He had the dilapidated building demolished and built the current house in 1901. He then sold the house in 1915 to Maria Louisa Charlotte Cunegonda Mahie-de Ceva, who moved into the house with her daughter Maria Eugenie Gertruda Althurine Mahie.
In 1935, the municipality of Vught became the owner of the now vacant building. Under the leadership of architect H.W. Valk, the villa was converted into a town hall. The restoration and a large part of the furnishings were donated by Willem Van Beuningen (family) and Charlotte van Beuningen - Fentener Van Vlissingen, who were living at Huize Bergen at the time. In 1937, the municipality left its old location, the Leeuwenburg house, to move into Leeuwenstein.
In 2006, the municipality moved to a new municipal office, and since then Leeuwenstein has only been used for representative purposes.
Just like the adjacent former coach house, Huis Leeuwenstein is a national monument.