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The Governor's Palace is a Baroque and Neoclassical building located on the entire north side of Parma's central Piazza Garibaldi. The palace was originally built on the north side of Piazza Nuova (now Piazza Garibaldi) between 1283 and 1285 as the "Merchants' Palace," following the demolition of pre-existing dwellings. In late Romanesque style, it consisted of two separate buildings, separated in the center by the narrow Borgo di San Marco, which no longer exists. Entirely clad in brick, it rose above a portico on the ground floor and featured two rows of mullioned windows on the first floor; the façade was crowned by battlements at the top. Having lost its original mercantile function, the building soon became the seat of the Captain of the city and, later, of the Governor, the Civil Auditor, and other municipal magistrates. However, its architectural structure remained unchanged for centuries. Following the collapse of the towering Civic Tower on January 27, 1606, which also caused the destruction of the Town Hall, the need arose to renovate the Governor's Palace. Initially, the building was unified by enclosing the Borgo di San Marco with a vault. A tower was erected on top of this vault in 1673, designed by Piacenza engineer Gian Battista Barattieri. This tower assumed the former functions of the destroyed Civic Tower, retaining the original bell known as the "third bell," dating back to 1453, which remained intact over the centuries until it was replaced with a copy in 1998. In 1760, the court architect Ennemond Alexandre Petitot was commissioned to redesign the square; the Governor's Palace was thus renovated in elegant neoclassical style, with the addition of typical decorative elements. The central niche was also opened to house the statue of the Crowned Virgin, sculpted by Jean-Baptiste Boudard. In 1829, Duchess Maria Luigia commissioned Lorenzo Ferrari and Luigi Pazzoni to create the large sundials on the façade. In the 1920s, the interior and rear of the building underwent a major renovation in the Rationalist style, which preserved only some of the original interior decorations. The entire building, home to several municipal offices until the end of the 20th century, underwent a complete restoration between 2000 and 2009, transforming it into today's "Place of Modern and Contemporary Art": inaugurated in January 2010 with the Nove100 exhibition, it hosts temporary exhibitions of mostly contemporary art. SOURCE and further information https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_del_Governatore_(Parma)

Sacred place erected in memory of the battle between Matilda of Canossa and Henry IV

Love this run. Avoid on sundays as crowded

Nice dirt track, very smooth

Better to go to Cittadella early in the morning on weekend days

Ancient 16th century courtyard in the Gattatico countryside. Fascinating front of the villa, now abandoned, with two orders of porticoes.

Badlands under the Canossa Castle

City park with sports fields, equipped circuit for running/walking, bar and hostel