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The southern Italian city of Matera is impressive and attractive, but at the same time also mysterious and a bit rough. It looks more like a labyrinth of stone houses, steep staircases and narrow streets. The Sassi di Matera, or Stones of Matera, is full of caves that were once inhabited and were therefore a disgrace to Italy. Times have changed suddenly, and today the Sassi di Matera are the pride not only of the city, but also of the entire Basilicata region, in which Matera is located.

The castle stands on the highest point of the town, in a strategic position to control the surrounding territory. From its summit you can observe the territory at 360 degrees up to the mountains of Sila (Calabria). There is a relationship of continuity between the houses dug into the ravine and the castle, whose construction probably began in the first half of the 16th century by the Domini Roberti family for the defense of the hamlet of Palagianello , finished, but not completely, in the 18th century under the rule of the Caracciolo. The castle, which has a massive quadrangular plan with a large central courtyard , equipped with four towers at the external corners, has all the defensive structural characteristics of the 16th century fortresses . The current entrance to the castle is located on the south side, while originally it was located to the west and was accessed via a drawbridge located over a moat, still existing today, which runs along the entire west side and part of the north side. The drawbridge has been replaced by a brick bridge with two arches. On the lower floor there are the warehouses and stables while on the upper floor there are the rooms that were used as the feudal lord's residence; in correspondence with the entrance , at the end of the staircase that leads to the upper floor there is a large hall for representative meetings with a vaulted ceiling, supported by apse arches, on which the family coat of arms is frescoed. In a room on the ground floor there is a trap door that leads to a secret passage that flows into the ravine of Palagianello. In 1874 the old entrance was closed to create a chapel in honor of the Virgin of the Seven Sorrows designed by the architect Gabriele Califano , commissioned by Count Antonio Stella Caracciolo . The Chapel was given in perpetual use by Count Caracciolo to the Confraternity of the Addolorata.

Visiting the town during the Christmas period, everything appears with a certain atmosphere as the entire historic center is decorated for Christmas.

the characteristic rock church Madonna delle Vergini, one of the best known in Matera, just outside the city. Also worth admiring are the caves around and the wonderful view of the ancient city.

One of the most famous rock churches in Matera, from which you can enjoy a fantastic panoramic view.

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Perhaps the route of a disused railway line