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Wheal Anna Maria – a copper and arsenic mine – covered 3.2 hectares and had over 6,850 cubic metres of arsenic flues! It was named after the Duchess of Bedford! Her main workings were on the ‘Main Lode‘ (the largest sulphide deposit in southwest England). When its rich copper waned, Devon Great Consols became the largest arsenic mine in the world because the margins of the copper-rich lode were dominated by arsenopyrite. In 1860 the copper lode at Anna Maria was up to 45 feet wide and yielding up to 80 tons per fathom, but by around 1880 the copper boom was over. Thankfully, arsenic production sustained the mine into the 1900s, until the company folded. Arsenic ore, unlike copper ore, was refined on site using the ‘calcination’ process – and at Wheal Anna Maria they yielded over 72,000 tons of refined arsenic! – Whoop!

Numerous remains can still be seen today, including the route of the railway tracks that transported the ore to Looe Harbour and the engine houses that were used to pump water out of the mines or to lift out the rocks.

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Cornwall's World Heritage Site In 2006 Cornwall and West Devon was declared a World Heritage Site because of the important role its mining history has played in metal extraction around the world. There was a saying in the late 19th century: "If there's a hole in the ground, you'll find a Cornish man in it." When Cornwall's mines failed, men travelled the world in search of riches and engine houses very similar to the one pictured above can be found in places as far away as Mexico, South Africa and New Zealand. The village of Minions exists thanks to mining. Before 1800 there was little here except a few farmhouses in the sheltered valleys. But in the 1830s copper was discovered beneath Caradon Hill and the area was soon flooded with miners from all over Cornwall.

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This landmark is located next to the Cheesewring Quarry (which provided the granite cladding for the structure of Tower Bridge in London) and is surrounded by other granite formations. In the late 19th century, this landmark was threatened with destruction due to its proximity to blasting operations, but was saved through local activism.

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Three beautiful Neolithic or Early Bronze Age stone circles arranged in a line, a unique grouping in England. The Hurlers Stone Circles are probably the best examples of ceremonial circles in the South West. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/hurlers-stone-circles/

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A hike from Minions will take you through a wonderful history life on Bodmin Moor. From the prehistoric Hurler's and Pipers to the mining industry in ruins here.

Kit Hill sits high above the Tamar Valley, overlooking the river and the valley it formed. The hill boasts a wide array of history, including 18 burial mounds, neolithic and bronze-age barrows, as well as pointers towards Cornwall's more contemporary mining history.

The Hurlers are three stone circles on the edge of Bodmin Moor. Legend has it that these were Cornish Hurler players, caught out on a Sunday and punished. They are thought to date to between 2,100 & 1,500 BCE.