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Plataforma das Caveiras (Tzompantli), Chichén Itzá

Plataforma das Caveiras (Tzompantli), Chichén Itzá

Destaque • Sítio Histórico

Plataforma das Caveiras (Tzompantli), Chichén Itzá

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Localização:Otzoloapan, México

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1. Circuito Templo dos Guerreiros e Observatório El Caracol (ponto de partida: Privada Piste II)

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2. Circuito Templo dos Guerreiros (ponto de partida: Privada Piste II)

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01:14

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3. Circuito Observatório El Caracol e Templo dos Guerreiros (ponto de partida: Privada Piste II)

2,98km

00:45

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Dicas

Jens Helmecke

13 de julho de 2023

The Tzompantli of Chichen is dedicated to the dead, and can be found in different Mayan Archaeological sites. This one is one of the oldest Tzompantli found ever. Habitants of Chichen Itza would gather long wooden beams in which they would hang their enemies' heads. Archaeologists have found buried figures of Chaac Mool in the Tzompantli of Chichen Itza, along skull offerings and a broken ring from the Ball Game court.

The first and most prominent example is the Hueyi Tzompantli (Great Skull-rack) located in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan and described by the early conquistadors. There were at least five more skull racks in Tenochtitlan but by all accounts they were much smaller.

A “T” shaped structure holds skull decorated panels. On the sides you can find skull embossments. In total, over 500 bas-relief skulls have been found on the walls.

The Tzompantli of Chichen Itza is a great rectangular platform of 60 meters (197 feet) ong by 12 meters (39 feet) wide. It consists of a very small slope at the bottom, a central band decorated with skulls running in three horizontal rows, and at the top, a slightly tapered band with another row of skulls.

Tzompantli Chichen Itza
Tzompantli Chichen Itza
The structure is a large platform whose most notable details is the collocation of the skulls in the bas-relief decoration which gives the structure its name: The Platform of the Skulls. The base is sustained by three tableaux decorated with skulls and divided by mouldings.

This is the monument that gives the clearest testimony to the practice of human sacrifice, carried out for religious-military ends, by the rulers of Chichen Itza.

The platform walls of the Tzompantli have carved beautiful reliefs of four different subjects. The primary subject is the skull rack itself; others show a scene with a human sacrifice; eagles eating all human hearts; and skeletonized warriors with arrows and shields.

Jens Helmecke

13 de julho de 2023

Located on the great Plaza, the Platform of the Eagles sits between the Temple of the Skulls and the Temple of Venus. Built between 900 and 1200 AD, in the Maya-Toltec era. Just like the Castillo and Venus Platform, it has a staircase on each of the four sides leading to the top of the platform. The balustrades (stair rail) are topped with an ascending plumed serpent – the serpent God Kukulcán. On the walls of the structure are prostrate human figures. Below them are Eagles and Jaguars gruesomely grasping human hearts.

The platform was likely used for religious and ceremonial purposes with a special emphasis about military superiority.

This is a small platform with four stairways. On the base of the structure there is a vertical wall with raised panels displaying images which relate to the course of the sun across the sky during the day and its descent to the underworld at night, as “Sun of the Earth”. The eagles and jaguars symbolize the warriors who capture victims to feed the sun god.

Platform of the eagles and jaguars
Platform of the eagles and jaguars
The figures of jaguars and eagles devouring hearts are said to represent the warriors who were responsible for obtaining victims to sacrifice for the gods.

The "Eagle Knights" were archers who attacked the enemy before all other soldiers fought hand to hand. The aggressive eagles which sculpted on the walls of the platform are the symbol of these elite vip group of archers who stood out on the battlefield because they wore clothing of feathers from the bird for which they were named.

The "Jaguar Knights" were believed to be the army fiercest members, modeled after those found elsewhere in the Central Mexico. They fought hand to hand, with wooden clubs tipped with obsidian knives. They covered themselves with armor made of jaguar skins and also helmets of jaguar heads. The figures of jaguars represented the soldiers who were often charged with obtaining prisoners for sacrifice to the Gods of city

Thilo

17 de março de 2024

Take enough water and time with you.

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Elevação 40 m

Previsão do Tempo

Desenvolvido por Foreca

Hoje

terça-feira 9 dezembro

28°C

21°C

38 %

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Velocidade máxima do vento: 13,0 km/h

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Localização:Otzoloapan, México

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Plataforma das Caveiras (Tzompantli), Chichén Itzá

1. Circuito Templo dos Guerreiros e Observatório El Caracol (ponto de partida: Privada Piste II)

2. Circuito Templo dos Guerreiros (ponto de partida: Privada Piste II)

3. Circuito Observatório El Caracol e Templo dos Guerreiros (ponto de partida: Privada Piste II)

Outros lugares populares

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