While the Sainte-Trinité church was the only church in Cherbourg, and faced with the development of the working-class district of Roule, Father Cabart, chaplain of the civil hospital of Cherbourg, launched a subscription in December 1825 to build a chapel on the right bank of the Divette. The sub-prefect and five priests contributed their contribution. In February 1827, a plot of land was donated along Avenue Carnot (now Avenue de Paris), and during the visit of the Duchess of Angoulême to Cherbourg, she gave a thousand francs in response to the petition for the construction of the building by the poet-barber of Roule, Michel Legoupil, who would become treasurer of the factory.
After the death of Father Cabart, his sister ordered his successor, Father Régnet, in 1831 to implement the chapel and school project. Charles-Louis-Napoléon Robert (1804-1885), a naval engineer, acted as architect and project manager, and delivered a sanctuary inspired by the Gothic style, 25 meters long and 8.5 meters wide, which was blessed on September 8, 1832, by Abbé Briquet, priest of Cherbourg in the presence of the mayor of Cherbourg.
In 1836, under the aegis of Abbé Godefroy, chaplain of La Bucaille and church architect, two chapels were added to form a transept, and this annex of the Trinity was erected as a branch by royal decree of December 12.
On September 23, 1839, Mgr Robiou, bishop of Coutances, informed the municipal council of Cherbourg that he was appointing a vicar to the church.
The floor area of the latter was increased to 407 m2 by extending the nave by 11 metres in 1842, with a new portal above which a bell tower was built according to the plans of Abbot Godefroy.
The City, which had always refused to finance the building, favouring the construction of the Saint-Clément church, became the owner of the place of worship in 1870 (or 1873, depending on the documents), after the individuals who had built the church had donated it to it (on condition that the City ensure its maintenance; the deed was apparently passed before Me Gosse in 1874). It had to add buttresses to the eastern wall in 1911.
The "Battle of Cherbourg" during the Second World War left only the walls of the church. It was rebuilt until 1952 by Levavasseur and Lebreton who widened the entrance to the two chapels and the door of the Saint-Joseph chapel, enlarged the gallery, and removed the pulpit. Bishop Guyot blessed the church on February 24, 1952.