A castle village
The village was born from a feudal castle dating back probably to the beginning of the 10th century. A very old document reveals that in 1162, the town bore the name of “Monteschivum”, made up of “mont” and a qualifier from the German word “esquiu”, which in Old French gave “eschiu”, c ' that is to say: wild, hostile, fierce.
The village was called "Montesquieu" until 1797, then "Montesquieu-sur-le-Canal" and finally Montesquieu-Lauragais since 1889.
At the top of the hill ...
Montesquieu was installed on a height, to be easy to defend and favorable to the surveillance of the surroundings. Until the 13th-14th century, the region was covered by a thick forest (from Montaudran to Naurouze), a landmark for many brigands. The systematic clearing of this forest began with the installation of bastides in the 13th century, such as those of Villenouvelle, Saint-Rome and Villefranche. In the 18th century, the Hers pipeline accelerated its disappearance.
A turbulent history
In the 12th-13th century, Montesquieu was a hotbed of Catharism, with a dozen Cathar “houses” and even a Cathar cemetery, perhaps located in Le Rouquet. During the religious wars of the 16th century, the village was Protestant like many others in the region. After a siege of ten days, the Duke of Joyeuse and his Catholic troops reconquer it and completely destroy it in 1586. The inscription preserved next to the entrance to the sacristy proves that the work of reconstruction of the church , and undoubtedly from the village, began as early as 1600.
Pastel blue
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the pastel grew in a land of Laurentians certainly better than today, impoverished by the wheat-corn rotation which made the glory of the Toulouse region from 1820 to 1880. Written sources mention Montesquieu as a place of purchase of pastel between 1450 and 1540. They indicate the existence of “botigas del pastel” and pastelier mills. They numbered 16 at the beginning of the 15th century and another 9 in the 17th century.