Rotonda is located at an altitude of 580 m a.s.l. at the southern end of the province of Potenza, on the border with Calabria. It borders to the north and east with the municipality of Viggianello, to the south with Morano Calabro (CS) and Mormanno (CS), and to the west with Laino Castello (CS) and Laino Borgo (CS). It is located in the heart of the Pollino National Park, in the Mercure valley, and includes mountains in its territory that reach a maximum altitude of 1919 m a.s.l. It is part of the Lagonegrese mountain community. The valley in which Rotonda is located belongs to the Mesozoic and Neozoic era. Before these epochs in the Quaternary era the valley was an ancient Pleistocene lake and when the waters began to retreat, flowing towards the sea, the current Mercure valley was formed. The historic center of Rotonda stands on a limestone rock that was part of the ancient lake, which was created following erosion. Other areas of the town also originate from a limestone rock such as the current Acqua Nocella hamlet to the south. Although now due to hunting and deforestation, the fauna has decreased, this is composed of hedgehogs, stone martens, foxes, squirrels and hares. There are wolves and wild boars, even if more in extreme areas of the country, which in rare cases have entered the inhabited centers. The rest of the fauna is made up of commonly farmed animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses. Although deforestation has decreased the number, beech trees constitute the largest forest formation in Rotonda, which joins other plants such as oaks, càrpini, chestnut trees, and Turkey oaks.