The 367 m high Eichkogel lies at the intersection of various geological, climatic and biogeographic zones. It is made up of freshwater wharves and sands, which are covered by loess layers. In the summit area are very sparse, dry and shallow soils. Special features are different, closely interlocked dry and semi-dry grasslands, shrubbery, forest and forest steppe landscape.
Since 5600 BC Chr. Took place the first agricultural use of the Eichkogel. Since that time the area is permanently settled. The original dense oak forest was cut down and gradually used for agriculture. Most recently, grazing with cattle was characteristic. Viticulture is still operated today. Various care measures should preserve the vegetation in its special form.
The area is home to unusually many otherwise rare plant and animal species such. Diptam, Pasque, Spring adonis and Forest anemone. There are many songbirds and numerous species of insects. The area of the Eichkogel is one of the rocky steppes.
The nature reserve Eichkogel was also designated as a biogenetic reserve. This makes it part of a network of representative habitats for the conservation of endangered animal and plant species. 10 nature reserves in Lower Austria and thus a total area of 2,060 hectares are at the same time biogenetic reserves.