Céneri, then cardinal of Rome, deacon and preacher, undertook around 669 to build a first wooden building that he dedicated to Saint Martin. It was in this church that Céneri was originally buried. The tomb generating miracles, the church soon took the name of its founder, to whom the people awarded the title of saint. This name became that of the village grouped around the Benedictine abbey that surrounds the church.
Two centuries later, the Normans made incursions into the region and destroyed the original church. Thus for a long time there was no church in Saint-Céneri. It was in 1089 that the construction of the current church was undertaken. It was completed in 1125 but underwent several modifications and restorations until the beginning of the 20th century.
The end of the 19th century saw the arrival of painters and a new life linked to artistic activity began for the village. The beauty of the landscapes and the quality of the light inspired artists such as Corot, Courbet, Harpignies, Cogniet, the Veillon brothers, Mary Renard and Paul Saïn. This artistic activity lasted for more than half a century. It ended on the eve of the First World War and was reborn in the 1950s and 1960s, giving new life and tourist appeal to this small town, ranked among the most beautiful villages in France.