Asseburg was built by Gunzelin von Wolfenbüttel in collaboration with other nobles around 1218th Gunzelin comes from a family of servants of Duke Henry the Lion. In addition to the plant Gunzelin was commander on Wolfenbüttel and Peine. Towards the descendants of Henry the Lion Gunzelin fell into a feud called Asseburg feud, which lasted from 1255-1258. Duke Albrecht the Long besieged the castle for three years. He had siege castles built on both sides of the castle. For a large sum of gold the son Gunzelins Busso of Wolfbüttel renounced the castle.
In the following years, the Asseburg Dukes served as a base and administrative center. The administrative district of the castle consisted of 24 villages. In 1331 the Asseburg is pledged to the Dukes of Brunswick. Braunschweig was economically very strong and received by pledge very many castles in the area, which provided a considerable catchment area. According to an inventory from 1414, nine Ambrust mercenaries were stationed with 1.5 tons of arrows, stone and lead tins, half a ton and 20 pounds of powder, as well as 80 lead bullets and 60 stones in defense of the castle. The dukes, who pledged the castle, came into conflict with Brunswick. In 1492 it came to the great city feud. The Brunswick destroyed the castle on 19 August 1492 by fire. The castle was not rebuilt afterwards, their villages fell back to the dukes. Excavations of Asseburg took place in 1892 and 1894, but were not documented. From 1952 began with the reconstruction of the castle complex. It has been restored, partially rebuilt and preserved.