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Viterbo lived its period of major splendor and power in the 13th century when it was chosen as the seat of the papacy instead of Rome, where powerful warring families made life too dangerous. Eight different popes lived in Viterbo making it is similar to Vatican City and Avignon in France. The longest papal conclave in history happened here from 1 December 1268 to 1 September 1271. Following Pope Clement IV's death, infighting between cardinals and political pressure led to a 34-month deadlock. The cardinals were locked up cum clave (hence the word conclave) inside the palace’s large Conclave Hall. In desperation the town’s population, who were feeding them and their entourages, eventually reduced the cardinals’ food and wine supplies, trying to speed up the election. Time wore on and they finally decided to remove the roof of the palace: in order to help the Holy Spirit come down and illuminate them, it was quipped. That worked.

Herbs Square / Piazza delle Erbe The square, originally dedicated to Saint Stephen, has changed name and appearance over the centuries. It is home to historic fountains, Palazzo Gatti, and the Casa della Pace.

In the heart of Viterbo, Piazza delle Erbe owes its name to the vegetable market held there since the Middle Ages, when the square was a vital hub of city life. At its center is the Fountain of the Lions, built between 1621 and 1625, with its basin decorated with lions and marble coats of arms reminiscent of the city's coat of arms.

The Papal Palace in Viterbo served as the Vatican for the 24 years of the thirteenth century when the papacy moved there due to ongoing unrest in Rome.

The Fountain of the Lions, one of the symbols of Viterbo in Piazza delle Erbe, in the historic center.

The Palace of the Popes, or Palazzo dei Papi, in Viterbo is a masterpiece of medieval architecture. Built in the 13th century, it served as a residence for the popes. The palace is an example of Gothic architecture and features beautiful vaulted halls, courtyards and an impressive tower that offers panoramic views of the city. The National Museum, with an extensive collection of medieval works of art, is housed in the beautiful spaces of the palace.

The Fountain in Piazza della Rocca, also known as the Fontana Grande, is one of Viterbo's most famous landmarks. This monumental fountain dates from the 16th century, but there was a fountain on the square before that. The design is attributed to the famous architect and sculptor Lorenzo Maitani. The fountain is octagonal in shape and a number of stairs lead to an octagonal tub, above which two smaller tubs can be seen. At the top of the fountain you can see the iris, the symbol of the Farnese family.

Great view on Lake Vico